A Just Land Transition would enable restoration of drylands while ensuring jobs, agricultural productivity, and social safety nets. Realizing this vision, speakers suggested, will require not only funding but also empowering community-based and women-led organizations.

While delegates did not adopt a decision to negotiate a framework or protocol on drought, many strong and groundbreaking decisions were adopted, including on gender, agriculture, civil society participation, rangelands and pastoralists, and land tenure, and science.

After tense talks, parties agreed on a new climate finance goal. But many argued the USD 300 billion/year was an “insult.” While parties adopted decisions on the carbon markets under the Paris Agreement, on many other issues—including the energy transition—they remained deadlocked. (Français, español, 日本語)

Delegates will tackle key questions in enhancing the protection of both ozone layer and climate, including how parties will fund atmospheric monitoring sites to bridge information gaps, manage remaining emissions of controlled substances, and address uncertainties about substances not controlled by the Protocol.