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Summary: Delegates to the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recommended the establishment of an intergovernmental negotiating committee for the elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (INCD). The UN General Assembly established such a committee in 1992. The INCD drafted the Convention and four regional Annexes for Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Northern Mediterranean during five meetings between May 1993 and June 1994. The Convention to Combat Desertification was adopted on 17 June 1994 and was opened for signature in October 1994 in Paris. Three months following the receipt of its 50th ratification, the Convention entered into force on 26 December 1996. The first Conference of the Parties (COP) met in September/October 1997. Among the decisions taken at that meeting was the location of the Permanent Secretariat: Bonn, Germany. A fifth regional Annex, for Eastern and Central Europe, was subsequently adopted at COP-4 in 2000. One CCD subsidiary body, the Committee on Science and Technology (CST), was established with the Convention’s adoption. It advises and meets simultaneously with the COP. A second subsidiary body, the Committee for the Review of Implementation of the Convention (CRIC), was established at COP-5 in 2001. As of December 2003, 190 countries or regional economic integration organizations had ratified, acceded to or accepted the Convention. The Earth Negotiations Bulletin has provided coverage on all of the INCD, COP, CST and CRIC proceedings (ENB CCD Archives). The following discussion elaborates on the CCD’s focus and evolution. |
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