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The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Wednesday, 9 November 2016: Promoting Low Carbon Asia for the Paris Agreement: Cases of National and Local Experience on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Activities and Market Mechanisms Paris Implementation: Sustained Peer Learning, Coordination and Support in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network 10th Focal Point Forum of the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on “Health and Adaptation” Economic Advantage of Agriculture in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) Hydroclimate Services for All The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Technology Mechanism: Enhancing Climate Technology Development and Transfer IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Promoting Low Carbon Asia for the Paris Agreement: Cases of National and Local Experience on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Activities and Market MechanismsPresented by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Moderated by Junichi Fujino, NIES, this side event considered city climate change action plans and city-to-city collaboration through the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and utilization of the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM). Opening the session, Ho Chin Siong, University of Technology Malaysia, and Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, introduced the discussion on the feasibility and implementation of low carbon development projects in Asia, particularly in cities. Ranping Song, World Resources Institute (WRI), suggested that successful implementation of NDCs include commitments across sectors and from non-state actors, who engage in cooperative actions. Providing several examples, he highlighted that over 1,700 cities have joined the Global Covenant of Mayors. Mizutani called cities “essential non-state actors to tackle climate change” and identified city-to-city collaboration in the Asian region as a useful tool to roll out low carbon technology via the JCM. Describing a memorandum of understanding between the Governments of Japan and Viet Nam to support low carbon development, Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam, said cities play an important role in implementing the NDCs, and highlighted a partnership between Osaka, Japan, and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.  Datuk Hj. Sahrom bin Ujang, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysia, presented the Kuala Lumpur Low Carbon Society 2030 Blueprint, which addresses, inter alia: transportation, including rail, bike and pedestrian systems; infrastructure and digital technology; energy, including a focus on addressing energy efficiency and public transportation; and open green spaces. Ho Chin Siong asked how to move from planning to implementation of the NDCs, and called for urban policy and design to be backed by science. Recognizing that while cities are significant emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs), he underscored that they need to also remain competitive and serve as engines of growth, and urged for decoupling carbon emissions and economic growth.  Calling for a holistic approach and new research focused on societal engagement, Boyd Dionysius Joeman, Iskandar Regional Development Authority, Malaysia, presented a green economic guideline to support businesses in transitioning to low carbon development. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: the citizens' climate pledge; how to engage the private sector, including architects and planners, in low carbon city development; the role of education; and science-based target setting. From L-R: Ranping Song, WRI; Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan; Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam; Junichi Fujino, NIES; Ho Chin Siong, University of Technology Malaysia; Datuk Hj. Sahrom bin Ujang, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysia, and Boyd Dionysius Joeman, Iskandar Regional Development Authority, Malaysia Junichi Fujino, NIES, asked how city-to-city cooperation in the Asian region could enhance the implementation of low carbon development strategies. Suggesting a stronger focus on city-to-city cooperation, Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam, said that GHGs could be reduced via large-scale investments in technology transfer, urban planning strategies and knowledge transfer. Recognizing that more than 70% of CO2 emissions originate in cities, Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, called cities an “essential non-state actor” to address climate change. Contacts: Junichi Fujino (moderator) | int-unfccc@nies.go.jp More Information: https://seors.unfccc.int/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=4UTDCU39N4PILBMN3OTM4U5PQRN6PS52 https://seors.unfccc.int/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=VY2NK1ATDKEHPOFR31AW6XTB4ADDENW5 Paris Implementation: Sustained Peer Learning, Coordination and Support in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global NetworkPresented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Governments of Germany, Grenada and the US This side event, moderated by Trevor Thompson, Grenada, addressed the work of the NAP Global Network and how it has contributed to effective NAP processes through sustained peer learning, coordinated bilateral support and targeted technical assistance. Frank Fass-Metz, Germany, provided opening remarks, noting that the NAP Global Network is becoming renowned for providing support and being an information leader in NAP processes. He stressed that the Network will also be beneficial for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) implementation, underscoring increased bilateral interest for supporting the Network. Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD and NAP Global Network Coordinator, outlined the work, activities and results of the Network. She said that it aims to facilitate sustained peer learning and exchange on challenges and opportunities associated with NAP processes, support national-level action and enhance bilateral support for adaptation. Martina Duncan, Grenada, provided an overview of the NAP process and the support provided by the Network. She said lessons learned include that: prioritization is key; timeframes must be realistic and manageable; NAP processes must have ownership outside of environment departments; NAPs should be linked to national planning; NAPs can be used to approach donors; resource mobilization needs to be a key pillar of NAPs; and political incentives should be created for mainstreaming. Price-Kelly then moderated a panel discussion. John Furlow, US Agency for International Development (USAID), stated that the Network has informed US approaches on adaptation, connected non-climate programmes with NAP processes and formed closer connections with other bilateral donors and development agencies. Laureta Dibra, Albania, said the Albanian NAP process allowed them to understand that national adaptation planning is a long-term process involving different sectors across different levels. She noted that the NAP process aided in identifying national climate risks, and that they are now working on developing a financing strategy. During the ensuing discussion, participants discussed how the Grenada NAP process aligns with NDCs; approaches to prioritize funding; engaging the private sector; and measuring the success of capacity building. From L-R: Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD; Martina Duncan, Grenada; John Furlow, USAID; and Laureta Dibra, Albania. Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD and NAP Global Network Coordinator, outlined the Network’s niche areas, including coordination of NAP processes and providing bilateral support to developing countries. Frank Fass-Metz, Germany, said that the early entry into force of the Paris Agreement shows that there is great momentum to advance on mitigation and adaptation. John Furlow, USAID, said that one of the results of the NAP Global Network is that the US is able to show missions how to connect efforts in agriculture, tourism and other sectors within NAP processes. Contacts: Hayley Price-Kelly | hprice-kelly@iisd.ca Martina Duncan | martinacduncan@gmail.com More Information: www.napglobalnetwork.org/ 10th Focal Point Forum of the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on “Health and Adaptation”Presented by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) This side event, moderated by Pablo Suarez, Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, focused on the NWP, which contributes to advancing adaptation action through knowledge in the post-Paris regime in order to scale up adaptation at all levels, with a focus on developing countries. Activities under the NWP involve close collaboration with a network of over 320 organizations working on adaptation all over the world. The NWP provides knowledge support to Parties, as well as to the Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Expert Group (LEG). The NWP also facilitates science-policy-practice collaboration in closing adaptation knowledge gaps, synthesizes and disseminates information and knowledge on adaptation, and fosters learning to boost adaptation actions, including through the Adaptation knowledge portal. Carlos Fuller, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Chair, underscored that the 10th Focal Point Forum on health and adaptation provides an excellent opportunity for policy makers, researchers, scientific communities, practitioners and financial institutions, not just to exchange actions that they are engaged in, but to identify areas of strategic collaboration in order to close critical gaps that will help inform adaptation actions addressing the topic of health. Underscoring the importance of innovation, Suarez explained the interactive part of the Forum, noting the expectations, namely to gain a shared understanding of the activities undertaken with respect to health, and to discuss new actions. Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, World Health Organization (WHO), provided an overview of the interlinkages between climate change and health, included in the NWP. He highlighted, inter alia: health risks sensitive to climatic conditions, including extreme weather events, malaria, diarrhea and under-nutrition; projected changes in health impacts due to climate change; projected changes in disease distribution; direct and indirect health effects; risk of emerging infections; and temperature and productivity changes. Noting that health adaptation “does not start from scratch,” Campbell-Lendrum highlighted the increasing number of adaptation projects worldwide. Tiffany Hodgson, UNFCCC Secretariat, provided an overview of the parties’ submissions. She highlighted emerging concerns, including geographical distribution of vector-borne and waterborne diseases, as well as malnutrition and disaster impacts.Hodgson further identified main challenges, namely surveillance and early-warning systems, knowledge on the climate-health nexus, intersectoral and transboundary engagement, implementation and funding, and capacity building and awareness raising. Underscoring the insufficient understanding of the climate change impacts on health, Barney Dickson, UN Environment, highlighted the Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative, which aims to identify key adaptation knowledge gaps and facilitate action to address them. During an interactive discussion during the second part of the event, participants identified health problems related to climate change and engaged in finding innovative actions to address them, including the responsible agent to perform those actions. Numerous actions were identified and transmitted to SBSTA Chair Fuller, who stressed the importance of new models and innovative ideas to support adaptation knowledge and action. The LEG highlighted the importance of coordination of all related actors to achieve the objective of the NWP. Underscoring the low level of awareness of the importance of vulnerabilities posed by climate change, the Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) stressed its role in building capacities and raising awareness. Focusing on parties’ submissions, Tiffany Hodgson, UNFCCC Secretariat, underscored emerging concerns, and identified gaps and actions on the ground. Pablo Suarez, Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, facilitated the event and the interactive dialogue, urging participants to “do things in new ways.” Noting links between climate change and health, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, WHO, used the example of diarrheal disease, which is related to variations in temperature and precipitation, over both space and time. Carlos Fuller, SBSTA Chair, underscored the opportunity to ensure that the NWP is “fit-for-purpose” to support the adaptation regime. Contacts: Rojina Manandhar (Coordinator) | RManandhar@unfccc.int More Information: www.unfccc.int/nwp Economic Advantage of Agriculture in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)Presented by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Laurie Goering, Thomson-Reuters Foundation, moderated the side event, which examined new financial evidence and analysis on the likely returns on investment for smallholder farmers. She underscored that most countries have agriculture as part of their NDC and called for corresponding financial support in this sector. Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS, introduced a report titled, “The Economic Advantage: Assessing the Value of Climate-Change Actions in Agriculture.” She summarized the report’s main findings that, inter alia: economic and financial assessments are valuable tools to support decision making; there is a need to mainstream economic assessments in development and climate policies, including in agriculture; and there is a need for a mix of farm- and landscape-level actions, including for capacity building and policy work. She presented several case studies, underscoring the socio-economic benefits of new climate technologies and techniques for agricultural production. Stating that agriculture is the "life span" of the Ugandan people, Chebet Maikut, Ministry of Water and Environment, Uganda, explained that agriculture is a key sector in the Ugandan climate policy and is included in the country’s NDC. He said addressing agriculture has several co-benefits, including mitigation and adaptation, as well as gender mainstreaming and human rights. Stating that many agricultural studies do not take into account the “heterogeneity of populations” when offering advice, Peter Läderach, CIAT, proposed matching suggested interventions with the correct farm typologies, for example: considering whether farmers can afford particular suggested climate strategies; and remembering gender considerations in terms of who is in charge of farming and who takes decisions. Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - German Programme on Response to Climate Change, called for better coordination between different ministries, including on finance, planning and agriculture, to ensure that climate finance is directed towards agriculture. Expressing commitment to work with and strengthen farmers’ associations, including women’s cooperatives, Ilaria Firmian, IFAD, stated the existence of multiplier effects include the uptake of better practices. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: the need to further study how much investment is required; the competition for investment between agriculture and other sectors; how agriculture can deliver on investment and offer co-benefits; nature-based agriculture; the low number of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in agriculture; risk transfer mechanisms and insurance for the impacts of climate change  on agriculture; the inclusion of food trees in climate smart agriculture (CSA) and capacity building to ensure investments pay off. From L-R: Laurie Goering, Thomson-Reuters Foundation; Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS; Peter Läderach, CIAT; Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, ASEAN-German Programme on Response to Climate Change; Ilaria Firmian, IFAD; and Chebet Maikut, Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment Underscoring that there are impacts of climate change which result in significant financial losses to the agricultural sector, Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS, shared studies where agricultural investments can lower greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and improve productivity. Chebet Maikut, Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment, cautioned against the costs of inaction in the agricultural sector, affected by climate change. Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, ASEAN-German Programme on Response to Climate Change, said that translating the NDCs into action is a question of financing. Peter Läderach, CIAT, acknowledged the need to “go to the field” to understand the reality of what farmers need to address climate change. Contacts: Carolina Jaramillo (coordinator) | c.jaramillo@cgiar.org Vanessa Meadu (coordinator) | v.meadu@cgiar.org More Information: www.ifad.org/documents/10180/7e3dff00-db38-40c6-a2a1-672ff84a0526 ccafs.cgiar.org/cop22-side-event-economic-advantage-agriculture-ndcs#.WCN_RvmLQ2x Hydroclimate Services for AllPresented by UN Water This session was opened by Johannes Cullman, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and moderated thereafter by Karin Lexén, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). In a keynote address, Andres Tarand, former Prime Minister, Estonia, noted that viable information on water affects national, regional and international decision making on disaster risk management (DRM), health and the environment. He drew attention to mounting global water stresses which pose threats to peace and security, noting that competition for scarce water resources will increase in frequency. He stressed the need for a strong political message on hydroclimate services to address the challenges of climate change, security and development. Irfan Tariq, Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan, spoke on the value addition of hydroclimate services, noting that in times of floods there is a need to redirect flood waters to areas where water is most needed. In order to improve hydroclimate services for users, he stressed the need to understand their needs through, inter alia, social media and mobile phone interactions. Hanadi Awadallah, Department of Afforestation and Reforestation, Sudan, stressed the need for hydroclimate services in the preparation of inter-ministerial national communication data to warn the population of future periods of water decline. She called for greater support for hydroclimate research, more sophisticated meteorological stations in the country and capacity building on the use of hydroclimate services. Stefan Rösner, German Meteorological Service, stressed the importance of meteorological data informing hydrological planning processes. He noted the need for institutions and capacities to provide hydroclimate services, as well as the administrative authority to provide them. He drew attention to regional climate centers, but noted the need for trained staff to run these centers. Ali Subah, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Jordan, highlighted water scarcity in his country which is further impacted by the current refugee crisis, noting that the biggest challenge is drinking water. Subah then described a national water information system that includes all the data necessary for decision making for a wide range of sectors, noting the role of, and challenges posed by, transboundary water sources. Demetrio Innocenti, Green Climate Fund (GCF), said that access to GCF funds is through accredited entities, and noted that many adaptation projects focus on hydrological-meteorological issues. He said that the GCF looks for projects that can generate transformational change but also those that can be operationalized and that are useful for the communities in which they are implemented. In the ensuing discussion participants addressed, inter alia: how hydroclimatic services can be made accessible to users; and the need for accessible GCF financing for adaptation and mitigation. Carol Chouchani Cherfane, UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), closed the session. Andres Tarand, former Prime Minister, Estonia, stressed the need for policymakers to understand the role of hydroclimate services in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Karin Lexén, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), moderated the event. Stefan Rösner, German Meteorological Service, noted the need for meteorological services to complement hydrological services. Contacts: Sonja Koeppel (Coordinator) | Sonja.Koeppel@unece.org Carol Chouchani Cherfane (Coordinator)| chouchanicherfane@un.org More Information: www.unwater.org The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Technology Mechanism: Enhancing Climate Technology Development and TransferPresented by UNFCCC This event was moderated by Asher Lessels, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat. Noting that the Technology Mechanism is delivering results, Richard Kinley, Deputy Executive Secretary, UNFCCC Secretariat, cautioned against complacency, noting that the technical assistance needs of developing countries could not be understated. He explained that achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement will be challenging and will require time and “revolutions in climate technologies.” Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, Technology Executive Committee (TEC) Chair, presented an update on performance and activities of the TEC, such as the TEC Rolling Work Plan for 2016-18. She explained that the TEC is the policy arm of the Technology Mechanism, composed of 20 expert members. She then drew attention to key achievements in climate technology, mitigation, technology needs assessment (TNA) process, and adaptation technologies. Nhlengethwa-Masina noted that, from 2017, the TEC will increase its efforts to support parties in accelerating climate technology development and transfer. Spencer Thomas, Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Advisory Board Chair, highlighted references to the Technology Mechanism in the Paris Agreement, such as in relation to the UNFCCC Technical Examination Processes and to linkages with the Financial Mechanism of the Convention. He also expressed the need for support for research, development and deployment. Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN, described the CTCN's technical assistance by geographical region, objective and scope. He said that technical assistance requests can come from sub-national authorities, so long as they are submitted through the National Designated Entity (NDE). He explained that technological assistance from the CTCN must contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and form the basis for multilateral investment. Elisha Moyo, CTCN’s NDE of Zimbabwe, shared his country’s experiences on interacting with the CTCN. Noting that Zimbabwe’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) requires various technologies to attain resilience in the agriculture sector, he said Zimbabwe submitted four proposals to CTCN for technical assistance on: agriculture; industrial energy efficiency; capacity building on project planning; and translation of policy into “bankable initiatives.” In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: urgency to reach “high- and low-hanging fruit” relating to climate technology transfer; clarification on CTCN’s process in selecting partners within a country; technological assistance that supports NDCs; and post-Paris Agreement financial resources to support developing countries in their submission of technical assistance requests to CTCN. From L-R: Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN; Spencer Thomas, CTCN Advisory Board Chair; Asher Lessels, UNFCCC Secretariat; Elisha Moyo, , CTCN’s NDE of Zimbabwe; and Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, TEC Chair Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN, drew attention to a project that sought to mainstream gender for a climate-resilient energy system in West Africa. Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, TEC Chair, said the Committee recommended enhanced financial, technological and capacity building support for the implementation of Technology Acton Plans (TAPs) and updating Technology Needs Assessment (TNAs). Spencer Thomas, CTCN Advisory Board Chair, said that major concerns identified in party submissions to COP 22 included: the need to build on gains already made by the CTCN; strengthening National Designated Entities and country-level coordination; and private sector engagement. Asher Lessels, UNFCCC Secretariat, moderated the event Contacts: Asher Lessels | alessels@unfccc.int More Information: unfccc.int/ttclear/templates/render_cms_page?TEM_home About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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The fifty-second session of the International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC-52) continued its deliberations in Yokohama, Japan on 9 November 2016. In the morning, delegates met in the Council to discuss the Biennial Work Programme (BWP) and the implementation of the Thematic Programmes. The Council also held its first special vote on the election of the next Executive Director (ED), which produced no winner, as none of the six candidates met the required threshold for number of countries and votes from both Producers and Consumers. In the afternoon, the Council met in a closed session to discuss the legal implications and measures related to ITTO investments that led to the impairment of funds, including legal action initiated against the investment advisor. Delegates then convened a Joint Committee Session to examine the Report of the Expert Panel for Technical Appraisal of Project Proposals and hear ex-post evaluations of completed projects, followed by the Annual Market Discussion for 2016 under the theme “Free Trade Agreements - Challenges and Opportunities for the Tropical Timber Trade.” In the evening, the Commiittee on Finance and Administration (CFA) met to discuss draft revisions of ITTO Financial Rules and Procedures, Audit Standards, and relevant Staff Regulations and Rules. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Council Session L-R: Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52; Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52; and Steven Johnson, Officer-in-Charge, ITTO Secretariat Teguh Rahardja, Indonesia Jill Hanna, EU Fernando Perdigão, Brazil Alicia Grimes, US L-R: Raul Briz; Louie Belleza and Ray Thomas Kabigting, the Philippines L-R: Carolyn Guy, New Zealand, in conversation with Arturo García Tenorio and Jorge Pedro Flores Marker, Mexico Anna Tyler, New Zealand, Consumer caucus spokesperson Eheth Ongmanong Victoire, Cameroon, Producer caucus spokeperson Joint Committee Session Valéria Rigueira, Brazil Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52 Pralong Dumrongthai, Thailand John Leigh, Peru Matthias Schwoerer, Germany L-R: Achille Orphée Lokossou and Françoise Zohoncon Worou, Benin L-R: Takeshi Goto and Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO Secretariat L-R: Jorge Malleux, Peru and Barney Chan, Trade Advisory Group L-R: Labode Popoola, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; André de Boer, European Timber Trade Federation; Jorge Malleux, Peru and Barney Chan, Trade Advisory Group L-R: Erik Fischer Llanos, Exporters Association (ADEX), Peru; Joseph O'Donnell, International Wood Products Association; Jirawat Tangkijngamwong, Thai Timber Association; Enrique Téllez Pacheco, National Chamber of the Wood Industry, Mexico; Frances Maplesden, ITTO Consultant; and Michael Adams, ITTO Consultant Ruth Turia, Papua New Guinea James Singh, Guyana Emmanuelle Maire, EU Kwame Asumadu, Wood Panels International Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Malaysia, Vice-Chair of CFA; Rob Busink, the Netherlands, Chair of CFA; and Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat; Anne Schick, Switzerland Stephanie McFadden O'Neill, US Fernando Perdigão, Brazil, in conversation with Jill Hanna, EU ITTC-52 Snapshots Observers from the Yokohama Science Frontier High School

On Tuesday, the UN Climate Change Conference in Marrakech, Morocco, convened. In the morning, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) met in a contact group to discuss all its substantive agenda items, and the joint COP/CMP plenary resumed to hear statements. Several contact groups and informal consultations under the SBI, SBSTA and APA convened throughout the day. The APA met in informal consultations on: further guidance in relation to the mitigation section of decision 1/CP.21 (the Paris outcome); modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support; matters relating to the global stocktake; modalities and procedures for the effective operation of the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance; and further matters related to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The COP Presidency also held informal consultations on the first session of the COP serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Contact Group View of the dais during the APA contact group APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand APA Co-Chair Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Jacob Werksman, EU Patrick Suckling, Australia Franz Perrez, Switzerland Diego Pacheco Balanza, Bolivia Ian Fry, Tuvalu Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) In-Session Workshop Delegates during the SBSTA in-session workshop on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions in accordance with Article 9.7 of the Paris Agreement Workshop Co-Facilitator Rafael Da Soler, Brazil Vicky Noens, Belgium Andrés Mogro, Ecuador Aishath Aileen Niyaz, Maldives Randy Caruso, US Evans Davie Njewa, Malawi Bernarditas Muller, the Philippines Raphael Jachnik, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Joint COP/CMP Resumed Plenary View of the dais during the COP/CMP resumed plenary Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Hussein Alfa Nafo, Mali, speaking on behalf of the African Group Manasvi Srisodapol, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Jaime Hermida, Nicaragua, speaking on behalf of the Central American Integration System (SICA) Abdullahi Majeed, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Contact Group View of the dais during the SBI contact group on budget performance for the biennium 2016-2017 Contact Group Chair Kunihiko Shimada, Japan Philip Weech, the Bahamas Erwin Rose, US Civil Society Demonstration Members of civil society advocate for investing in climate justice as opposed to war Informal Consultations throughout the Day The COP 22/CMP 12 Presidency conducts informal consultations on the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1) SBSTA informal consultations on the technology framework referred to in Article 10.4 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement The SBI and SBSTA Chairs hold a dialogue with observer organizations SBSTA informal consultations on greenhouse gas data interface Around the Venue Delegates enter the negotiating room for APA consultations Delegates from Norway Delegates from the US and Colombia The youngest delegate in plenary Delegates between sessions Oleg Shamanov, Russian Federation, and Abdullah K. Tawlah, Saudi Arabia Delegates huddle to discuss matters informally Delegates between sessions

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Tuesday, 8 November 2016: NAMAs as Building Blocks to Drive NDCs Implementation Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds) The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris Agreement Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change Adaptation Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris Regime IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as building blocks to drive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ImplementationPresented by the New Nordic Climate Solutions, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate; Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica (MINAE); and Colombian Strategy for Low-Carbon Development This event was moderated by Ash Sharma, Danida, who presented experiences from the NAMA Facility. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, acknowledged that international attention has moved from NAMAs to NDCs, and proposed that NAMAs contribute to transforming NDCs into concrete implementable and financeable programmes and projects. He explained that climate change donors from his country support creating enabling environments, mainstreaming climate change in policies and regulations, capacity building and institutional strengthening, and mobilizing private finance. Iván Darío Valencia, Colombia’s Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, introduced projects on Transport Oriented Development (TOD) and on promoting domestic HFC-free refrigerators as well as their corresponding NAMA financial structure. He discussed four TOD NAMA city projects and a project to introduce 4.7 million HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia. Andrea Meza Murillo, Costa Rica’s Ministry of Environment and Energy, presented on a low-carbon coffee project in Costa Rica. She noted that the private sector sees this low-emission coffee project as an opportunity of increasing productivity by reducing inefficiencies in mitigation and adaptation. Highlighting the impact that the recent Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer would have on the air conditioning sector, Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, presented on a €14.7 million project for the sector-wide transition to using climate-friendly energy efficient cooling technologies. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed the importance of, inter alia: NAMAs post-Paris; NAMA support for the private sector to adopt new technologies; and barriers and success criteria in NAMA implementation. Andrea Meza Murillo, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica, noted that the coffee sector accounts for nearly a quarter of Costa Rica’s agricultural and livestock sector emissions and national areas under agriculture production. Iván Darío Valencia, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Colombia, presented on projects on Transport Oriented Development and on the domestic refrigeration sector to promote HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia, along with their corresponding NAMA financial structure. Ash Sharma, Danida, moderated the event on NAMAs as building blocks to drive NDCs Implementation. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, explained that NAMA complements bilateral collaboration. Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, drew attention to the fact that the energy sector represents 73% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Thailand. Contacts: Ash Sharma | ash.sharma@NAMA-facility.org More Information: www.NAMA-facility.org Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)Presented by the University of Texas at Austin, the Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA) and the European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO2 (CO2GeoNet) This side event, moderated by Tim Dixon, International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme (IEAGHG), considered progress towards CCS deployment in Africa and global CCS onshore and offshore developments relevant for Africa. Dixon provided an overview of CCS development under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), highlighting the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana, noted that the continent is rich in energy resources but poor in energy supply. He stressed that Africa has hardly benefitted from the carbon market under the Kyoto Protocol, highlighting opportunities for carbon trade under new carbon market mechanisms, as well as for knowledge and technology transfers. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, provided an overview of CCS development in South Africa. Noting the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels, he described CCS as a transition technology and a part of the national long-term mitigation scenarios. He presented on the South African CCS Road Map, highlighting the legal and regulatory frameworks as well as the inclusion of stakeholder engagement. Discussing the Boundary Dam CCS project in Saskatchewan, Canada, the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project at a coal-fired generating station, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, underscored the Centre’s mandate and mission to advance the understanding and use of CCS as a means of managing GHG emissions, and to accelerate deployment of CCS worldwide. Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, provided an overview of CCS pilot projects in Europe, focusing on opportunities for collaboration. He described the K12-B pilot, located offshore of the Netherlands in the North Sea and stressed the role for forerunner countries to help build capacity in other regions. Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, addressed specific actions to get countries on the path of CCS. Noting that offshore CO2 storage potential is “huge” and stressing available technical assistance on climate technologies for developing countries, she highlighted the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and the Gulf Coast Carbon Center (GCCC). Felicia Chinwe Mogo, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), highlighted, via a video message, the Nigerian pathway towards CCS, noting the potential financial gains and employment opportunities that can be generated through the sustainable utilization of resources in the marine environment. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: the potential for offshore CCS; potential negative implications due to leakages; comparisons between CCS and biological carbon reduction methods;the transferability of technology and associated high costs; the use of organic versus non-organic fertilizers in agriculture; and funding challenges related to CCS technologies deployment. From L-R: Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana; Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute; Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre; Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet; and Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, stressed that opportunities are available at all levels for getting on the path of CCS. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, said that CCS is included in the country’s national development plan 2030. Discussing CCS, Tim Dixon, IEAGHG, noted that actions need to be pursued by stakeholders in all sectors to achieve an optimal transition strategy. Drawing attention to the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, stressed that “we now know that the technology works.” Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, underscored the organization’s long track record regarding collaboration activities at laboratory and pilot scale levels. Contacts: Tim Dixon | Tim.Dixon@ieaghg.org More Information: www.co2geonet.com www.utexas.edu www.ccsassociation.org Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds)Presented by the Tebtebba Foundation This side event, moderated by Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, addressed the challenges and prospects of indigenous peoples having direct access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). Balawag provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ engagement with other global processes and funding mechanisms, underscoring the necessity of their full and effective engagement in these processes. She said that, in some instances, advisory groups have been established to meet this need. She urged that the GCF effectively engage with indigenous peoples to: develop relevant policies and frameworks; establish safeguards and grievance mechanisms; provide guidelines for engagement; and create a dedicated grant for Indigenous Peoples. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, Indigenous Livelihoods Enhancement Partners (ILEPA), Kenya, lamented the GCF’s indirect recognition of indigenous peoples, saying that this is because the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) Environmental and Social Performance Standards have been adopted as interim safeguards. Kimaren Riamit said that development of an appropriate policy for the GCF would allow for free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for approved projects. Joan Carling, Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), said that some of the approved GCF projects pose serious threats to indigenous peoples, citing a dam project in Nepal. She said that while the GCF has adopted the IFC standards as interim safeguards, these were not considered in the Nepalese dam project. She stressed that there is a need to recognize indigenous peoples' rights and obtain their consent to the use of their land and resources, properly compensate them for such usage and include them in a benefit-sharing arrangement, should consent be provided. Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, Centre for Indigenous Cultures in Peru (CHIRAPAQ), provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ experiences in Peru, underscoring that their knowledge systems contribute to food production and climate resilience through using indigenous knowledge to select appropriate crops and technology. She said that an alliance has been formed between two local communities to share knowledge and culture for enhanced food production. During discussions, participants addressed: the appropriateness of indigenous peoples having direct access to the GCF; Indigenous peoples’ accessing GCF funding through country-driven processes; the use of philanthropic organizations as a funding and advocacy pathway; and IFC standards as a minimum standard for the GCF. From L-R: Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, Peru; Grace Balawag, Tebtebba; Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya; and Joan Carling, AIPP Joan Carling, AIPP, said that if the Paris Agreement is to be effectively implemented, “we must go beyond business as usual and recognize indigenous peoples’ rights to ensure that their knowledge, culture and well-being continue.” Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, said that awareness of indigenous peoples’ knowledge is not lacking, but rather that their knowledge is undervalued. Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, said that full and effective participation of indigenous peoples leads to a common understanding of indigenous peoples and their needs. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya said that indigenous peoples’ inclusion in the GCF interim safeguards is not a “contemplated” inclusion, and thus the GCF is “Indigenous Peoples-light.” Room view during the event Contacts: Raymond de Chavez, Tebtebba Foundation (Coordinator) | raymond@tebtebba.org Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ | warmi@chirapaq.org.pe More Information: www.tebtebba.org/index.php/content/385-indigenous-peoples-and-the-gcf-side-event/ The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris AgreementPresented by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Avina and Climate Action Network (CAN) Moderator Wael Hmaidan, Director, CAN, presented several questions to the panelists, including on the role of non-state actors in global climate action, and how to raise ambition. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called for innovative financial mechanisms, improved transparency and accountability. He suggested that parties report at the global level and to their citizens in order to engage them in climate action. Asking how to develop stronger partnerships between state and non-state actors, Hakima El Haité, High-level Climate Champion, Morocco, suggested integrating non-state climate actions within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Calling cities “climate leaders,” Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, called for measuring and reporting cities’ emissions to share what cities have done and to learn from each other.  Stating that “the Global Climate Action Agenda has provided the courage for companies to act,” Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH, noted that over 200 million equities were divested from coal-based business models. Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project, highlighted that almost 200 companies have committed to science-based targets, with many having committed to 100% renewable energy targets. Calling for moving from commitment to implementation, Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina, encouraged a more prominent role for civil society to reinforce the Global Climate Action Agenda. Laurence Tubiana, High-Level Climate Champion, France, called for governments and civil society actors to come together in Marrakech to produce a plan of action before 2018. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: how to connect climate actions to the World Economic Forum; how energy taxes can support a transition to renewables; and the need to show the value of both state and non-state climate actions. From L-R: Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader; Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina; Katarina Luhr, Vice Mayor of Environment of Stockholm, Sweden; Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project; and Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, explained that cities are competing to be the strongest on climate action, calling this competition useful for building ambition and for learning. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called the Global Climate Action Agenda a “collective, collaborative and integrative effort.” Hakima El Haité, High-Level Climate Champion, Morocco, underscored the importance of non-state actors in implementing climate actions, stating that these actions should “fit together” to close the pre-2020 emissions gap. Contacts: Gillian Nelson (coordinator) | gnelson@climatenetwork.org Mandy Woods (coordinator) | mwoods@wwf.org.za More Information: wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/climate_carbon_energy/ www.climatenetwork.org/ www.avina.net/avina/ seors.unfccc.int Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change AdaptationPresented by Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Tanzania Indigenous Peoples Taskforce on Climate Change (TIPTCC), Pastoralists Indigenous Non-Governmental Organizations Forum (PINGOs Forum), Congrès Mondial Amazigh (CMA), Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) and Mainyoito Pastoralists Integrated Development Organisation (MPIDO) This side event, moderated by Kathrin Wessendorf, IWGIA, aimed to promote solutions to maximize adaptation efforts and interventions through integration of indigenous peoples’ knowledge. Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, provided an overview of traditional practices and knowledge of the Amazighen people (Berbers) relevant to climate change, an ethnic group indigenous to many countries of North Africa. Proposing to create a database of traditional knowledge open to all humankind, she focused on their calendar divisions linked with agricultural practices, cultivations’ rotation and spiritual connection with nature. Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, focused on the holistic land use and livelihoods system of indigenous peoples as a means to adapt to climate change. Using a case study from the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, he addressed, among others: categories of land types and land use; rice cultivation practices; and mixed farming. He concluded that the way the community uses resources reflects their intricate knowledge of the different ecosystems within their territory. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that addressing climate change in East Africa is a matter of state policies with little regard for indigenous knowledge and existing livelihoods. Pointing to the negative perceptions of pastoralism, he underscored that indigenous peoples’ knowledge needs to be integrated into policy making and implementation of climate change actions. Stressing that climate change is mainly felt at the household level thus making women critical agents, Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya, said that Western influence has “undermined and crushed” the traditional knowledge of many indigenous peoples. Underscoring the need for a link among the broad principles of the Paris Agreement and the realities of people on the ground, he urged bringing traditional knowledge and women to the center of the discussion. Noting that indigenous knowledge is key to combatting climate change and underscoring the need to protect indigenous peoples’ rights, Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN, said that the production and reproduction of social, cultural, political and environmental values of indigenous peoples are embedded in their local environment and nature. During discussions, participants addressed, inter alia: the ratification process of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP); the relationship between scientific research and traditional knowledge; and ways to further recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights. From L-R: Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania; Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP; Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN; Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya; and Kamira Nait Sid, CMA Discussing the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, underscored the complex system of land use, which must be approached holistically. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that modern conservation ideas often involve “conservation without people.” Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, underscored that traditional knowledge must be analyzed, supported and integrated into scientific research. Contacts: Kathrin Wessendorf | kw@iwgia.org More Information: www.aippnet.org www.iwgia.org www.pingosforum.or.tz www.congres-mondial-amazigh.org www.nefin.org.np www.mpido.org Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris RegimePresented by Climate Action Network Canada (CAN-Rac) Alison Doig, Christian Aid, moderated the event, asking why equity is still an issue within the climate change negotiations. Reflecting on the history of the climate change negotiations, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, recalled that, in climate change discussions, fairness and equity are “unspoken topics.” She suggested that those involved in the process of formulating Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) share their perspectives with other interested stakeholders giving sufficient time for comment. Stating that the global climate response needs to be fair in order to be effective, Sivan Kartha, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), explained that a country is more likely to be successful in addressing climate change if other countries perceive they are doing their fair share and all other countries are also doing their part. Acknowledging that a focus on the 1.5°C target may detract from the necessary focus on equity, Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, said that equity must continue to be a key focus and should be considered together with finances in order to support action. Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project, outlined elements which should be included within the global stocktake, including: differentiation; disaggregation; explicit attention to equity; and a role for civil society. Stating that climate funding for developing countries should not be redirected from other concerns, Timmons Roberts, Brown University, called for adequate, predicable and “just” finance, cautioning that current pledges are unclear and inadequate, including their allocation and delivery. The ensuing discussion considered, inter alia: how to address equity across the entire UN system; secured finance for adaptation; a civil society review; clear understanding of a baseline; and historical emissions. From L-R: Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project; Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy; Sivan Kartha, SEI; Alison Doig, Christian Aid; Timmons Roberts, Brown University; and Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development Referring to the climate change negotiation process, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, called moral and ethical considerations “inherently relational.” Calling for a focus on equity, Sivan Kartha, SEI, said that a fair agreement is more likely to work. Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, reiterated that equity is not just a principle of justice but also a practical necessity. Contacts: Christian Holz (coordinator) | cholz@climateequityreference.org More Information: www.civilsocietyreview.org/ About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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The fifty-second session of the International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC) entered its second day of discussions today in Yokohama, Japan. In the morning, the Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) discussed the approved biennial administrative budget for 2016-2017, contributions to the administrative budgets, the auditor's reports for the financial years 2014 and 2015, appointment of the auditor, the current status of the administrative account, and the resources for the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund. In the afternoon, delegates met in a Council session to discuss the biennial review and assessment of the international timber situation in 2015–2016, and to decide whether to hold a special vote for the election of the Executive Director. Later in the afternoon, the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) and the Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets and the Committee on Forest Industry (CEM-CFI) met in parallel. The CRF discussed new projects and pre-projects, reviewed completed projects as well as policy work on: criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management; promoting the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems; promoting the implementation of guidelines for the management of secondary tropical forests, the restoration of degraded tropical forests and the rehabilitation of degraded forest land; and ITTO guidelines to incorporate gender equity in the organization's activities, programmes and projects.The CEM-CFI discussed new projects and pre-projects, a report on completed projects and pre-projects and ex-post evaluation of projects. In the evening a reception was held for delegates hosted by the ITTC-52 Chair, Jennifer Conje (US). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Committee Session on Finance and Administration (CFA) Dais during the session on finance and administration with L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Vice-Chair of CFA; Rob Busink, Chair of CFA; Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat; Gerhard Breulmann, ITTO Secretariat; and Maiko Suzuki, ITTO Secretariat Robert Nyarkoh, Ghana Jill Hanna, EU Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat, presenting an overview of ITTO's accounts Current ITTO auditors being questioned by ITTC delegate members Hiroyuki Nishiura, Japan Stephanie McFadden O'Neill, US Carolyn Guy, New Zealand Chen Hongying, China Zhang Zhongtian, China Jorge Malleux, Peru L-R: John Leigh, Peru, in conversation with Freezailah Che Yeom, Malaysia Council Session Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52 Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52 Frances Maplesden, ITTO Consultant, presented on elements for the Biennial Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2015-2016 Putera Parthama, Indonesia Gabriel Dusava, Papua New Guinea Álvaro Samayoa, Guatemala Katharina Kuehmayer, Austria, presented updates to the Credentials Committee's report Catherine Karr-Colque, US Sarquis Buiainain Sarquis, Brazil Carlos Moreno, UNCTAD Legal Adviser Delegates from Latin America producer member countries, consulting Delegates from Mexico casting their vote Screenshot of the voting result where a simple majority was not reached to proceed to a special vote on election of the Executive Director Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management View of a session on CRF L-R: Hwan Ok-Ma, ITTO Secretariat; Marjukka Mähönen, Vice-Chair of CRF; and Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat Hwan Ok-Ma, ITTO Secretariat Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets (CEM) and Committee on Forest Industry (CFI) View of a session on CEM and CFI L-R: Akiko Nakano, Chair of CFI and Alicia Grimes, Chair of CEM Valéria Rigueira, Brazil ITTC-52 Snapshots Photo exhibit of ITTO projects L-R: Maki Omata; Theresa Boliko; Naho Tamura; Kanako Ishii, ITTO Secretariat, with invited market discussion speaker Barney Chan L-R: Hwan Ok-Ma, Alastair Sarre, and Charas Mayura, ITTO Secretariat L-R: Katharina Kuehmayer, Austria; Kanako Ishii, ITTO Secretariat; and Debbie Davenport, IISD/ENB

On Monday, 7 November, COP 21/CMP 11 President Ségolène Royal, France, opened the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Marrakech, Morocco. Parties elected Salaheddine Mezouar, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco, as the COP 22/CMP 12 President by acclamation. Welcoming delegates to the "red city," he said the conference demonstrates a whole continent’s commitment to climate action. Throughout the day, opening plenaries convened for the Conference of the Parties (COP), COP serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA). In the afternoon, SBSTA and SBI contact groups and informal consultations met. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. COP 22/CMP 12 Opening Plenary View of the dais during the COP 22/CMP 12 opening plenary UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Salaheddine Mezouar, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco, and COP 22/CMP 12 President Mohammed Larbi Belcadi, Mayor of Marrakech, Morocco Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President Hoesung Lee, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Chair Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President, hands over the gavel to Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Delegates shine solar lights as a symbol of the transformation to clean technology which is essential to achieve the Paris Agreement goals Performers play traditional Moroccan drums to welcome delegates to the Marrakech Climate Change Conference Delegates during plenary Paul Watkinson, France Elina Bardram, EU Franz Perrez, Switzerland Khalid Muhammed Abuleif, Saudi Arabia Mehmet Emin Birpınar, Turkey Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the SBSTA opening plenary SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize Andrea Faulkner, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Martin Cames, EU Spencer Linus Thomas, Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Advisory Board Mareer Mohamed Husny, Maldives Kanchana Patarachoke, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the SBI opening plenary SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Rawleston Moore, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Shereen D'Souza, US Victor Kabengele wa Kadilu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the APA opening plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Patrick Suckling, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia, speaking on behalf of the Arab Group Adriana Murillo, Costa Rica, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) Contact Groups and Informal Consultations throughout the Day SBSTA contact group on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions in accordance with Article 9.7 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on greenhouse gas data interface Welcome Reception Hosted by the Government of Morocco Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President, and Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President, welcome delegates to the reception Around the Venue Delegates enter the Marrakech plenary hall Football stars gather outside the Marrakech plenary UNFCCC Global Climate Action Champion Hakima El Haité, Morocco, speaks with the press Delegates from Mali confer Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF International and former COP 20/CMP 10 President Hoesung Lee, IPCC Chair, enters the plenary with UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa and Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Solar powered lights during the opening plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Delegates from Oman Delegates from Venezuela Moroccan delegates walk throug the venue, lead by UNFCCC Global Climate Champion Hakima El Haité, Morocco Photographic exhibition on display throughout the venue Artwork created by Nordine Znati, Morocco