Youth

The Budapest Water Summit resumed discussions on Tuesday in four plenary sessions covering: water-use efficiency; integrated water resources management (IWRM); water quality; and water-related ecosystems. Ministers from China, Jordan, Lao PDR, Senegal and Tajikistan addressed delegates on a range of issues, drawing attention to progress in water management in their respective countries. High-level representatives from UN agencies, development banks, universities and companies engaged in water-intensive activities also took part in the discussions. Participants acknowledged the need for: appropriate water pricing policies that will build in support for the most vulnerable; increasing the productivity of water in agriculture; intersectoral cooperation that engages all water-related sectors; and transboundary cooperation for river basin management. Calling for a holistic approach, many expressed support for promoting joint, multi-stakeholder efforts toward implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) on water. They also discussed approaches to “blended finance” and public-private partnerships that will provide the necessary funds and expertise to develop water infrastructure, especially in developing countries. At lunchtime, the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) celebrated the 20th anniversary of the UNECE Water Convention with a birthday cake and a line-up of speakers. UNECE Executive Secretary Christian Friis Bach highlighted the success of the Convention in promoting good practice and securing financial resources for projects, and he noted interest in the potential for an intergovernmental platform for long-term political cooperation on water issues. In the evening, delegates continued their deliberations on a draft outcome statement from the Budapest Water Summit and attended a function titled “Water Connects – Wine Unites.” IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary report from BWS 2016, which is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Session 3:How to achieve increased water-use efficiency (L-R) Jerome Delli Priscolli, Chair, Technical Committee, Global Water Partnership; Vladimir Rakhmanin, Assistant Director-General, Regional Representative for Europe and Central Asia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO); Hazim El Naser, Minister of Water Resources, Jordan; Chen Lei, Minister of Water Resources, China; Rozemarijn ter Horst, Water Youth Network; and Mohammed Bushehri, Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait Vladimir Rakhmanin, Assistant Director-General, Regional Representative for Europe and Central Asia, FAO Chen Lei, Minister of Water Resources, China Hazim El Naser, Minister of Water Resources, Jordan Mohammed Bushehri, Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait High-level panel discussion 3How to manage every drop (L-R) Jerome Delli Priscolli, Chair, Technical Committee, Global Water Partnership; Olcay Ünver, Deputy Director, Land & Water Division, FAO; Regina Kuzmina, Managing Director Hungary & the Adriatic Region, Unilever; Jonathan Taylor, Vice-President, European Investment Bank; Bruno Tisserand, Research Programme Director at Veolia and President of EurEau; and Batbayar Zeneemyadar, Ambassador of Mongolia to Hungary Olcay Ünver, Deputy Director, Land & Water Division, FAO Jonathan Taylor, Vice-President, European Investment Bank Jerome Delli Priscolli, Chair, Technical Committee, Global Water Partnership Bruno Tisserand, Research Programme Director at Veolia and President of EurEau Regina Kuzmina, Managing Director Hungary & the Adriatic Region, Unilever Batbayar Zeneemyadar, Ambassador of Mongolia to Hungary Participants asking questions during high-level panel discussion 3 --> Session 4How to do integrated water resources management (L-R) Tom Soo, Executive Director, World Water Council; Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE); Sirodjidin Mukhridinovich Aslov, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Tajikistan; Mansour Faye, Minister for Water Resources and Sanitation, Senegal; Stefan Uhlenbrook, Coordinator, World Water Assessment Programme, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; and Shammy Puri, International Association of Hydrogeologists Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UN Economic Commission for Europe Mansour Faye, Minister for Water Resources and Sanitation, Senegal High-level Panel Discussion 4IWRM - does it really exist? (L-R) Tom Soo, Executive Director, World Water Council; Alexandros Yannis, Senior Expert, European External Action Service; Sami Faruqi, Manager, Water and Environment Division, Islamic Development Bank; Betsy Otto, Global Director, Water Programme, World Resources Institute; Torkil Jønch Clausen, Member, Board of Governors, World Water Council; Ivan Zavadsky, Executive Secretary, International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River; Daene McKinney, Professor, University of Texas, US; Peter Joo Hee Ng, Chief Executive, Public Utilities Board, Singapore; Stefan Uhlenbrook, Coordinator, World Water Assessment Programme, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; and Shammy Puri, International Association of Hydrogeologists Tom Soo, Executive Director, World Water Council Torkil Jønch Clausen, Member, Board of Governors, World Water Council Alexandros Yannis, Senior Expert, European External Action Service Betsy Otto, Global Director, Water Programme, World Resources Institute Session 5How to improve water quality (L-R) Mark Smith, Director, Global Water Programme, International Union for Conservation of Nature; Helge Wendenburg, Director-General, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Germany; Sommad Pholsena, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, Lao PDR; Anik Bhaduri, Executive Director, Sustainable Water Future Programme, Australia; Le Duc Trung, Director-General, Ministry of Natural Resources, Viet Nam; and Philip Gichuki, Managing Director, Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, Kenya Le Duc Trung, Director-General, Ministry of Natural Resources, Viet Nam Philip Gichuki, Managing Director, Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, Kenya High-level Panel Discussion 5How to improve water quality for the people and the planet Alvaro Umaña-Quesada, former Minister of Energy and Environment, Costa Rica and Vice Chair of the Global High-Level Panel on Water and Peace Frank Rijsberman, Director-General, Global Green Growth Institute, and Jeremy Bird, Director-General, International Water Management Institute (L-R) Mark Smith, Director, Global Water Programme, International Union for Conservation of Nature; Frank Rijsberman, Director-General, Global Green Growth Institute; Jeremy Bird, Director-General, International Water Management Institute; Debra Kertzman, Representative, European Representative Office, Asian Development Bank; Alvaro Umaña-Quesada, former Minister of Energy and Environment, Costa Rica and Vice Chair of the Global High-Level Panel on Water and Peace; Alex Mung, Head of Water Initiative, World Economic Forum; Jennifer Haverkamp, Special Representative for Environment and Water Resources, State Department, US; and Le Duc Trung, Director-General, Ministry of Natural Resources, Viet Nam Debra Kertzman, Representative, European Representative Office, Asian Development Bank Alex Mung, Head of Water Initiative, World Economic Forum Session 6How to manage water-related ecosystems better (L-R) Gábor Baranyai, Ministerial Commissioner, Ministry of Justice, Hungary; Stuart Bunn, Director, Australian River Institute, Griffith University, and Sustainable Water Future Programme, Australia; Ney Maranhão, Director, National Water Agency, Brazil; János Zlinszky, Director, Regional Environmental Center; Ger Bergkamp, Executive Director, International Water Association; and Charles Vörösmarty, City University of New York Ney Maranhão, Director, National Water Agency, Brazil Charles Vörösmarty, City University of New York High-level Panel Discussion 6How to get more green (L-R) Nikolay Kosov, Chairman of the Board, International Investment Bank; Jean-François Donzier, Permanent Technical Secretary, International Network of Basin Organizations; Karin Krchnak, Senior Director for Water, World Wildlife Fund; Ania Grobicki, Deputy Secretary General, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; Patrick Lavarde, President, International Water Resources Association (IWRA); Ger Bergkamp, Executive Director, International Water Association; and Gábor Baranyai, Ministerial Commissioner, Ministry of Justice, Hungary Water Convention: The 20th AnniversaryConvened by the Ministry of Interior of Hungary and UNECE Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UNECE (L-R) Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UNECE; Thomas Stratenwerth, Head, General, Fundamental, International and European Aspects of Water Management Division; Ivan Zavadsky, Executive Secretary, International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River; Jaana Husu-Kallio, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland; Hassan Janabi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iraq; and Sibylle Vermont, Federal Office for the Environment, Switzerland Jaana Husu-Kallio, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland Thomas Stratenwerth, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Germany Ivan Zavadsky, Executive Secretary, International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River Sibylle Vermont, Federal Office for the Environment, Switzerland Around the Venue

The Budapest Water Summit opened on Monday morning at the Millenáris Park conference center, to the rhapsodic strains of Hungarian music and a live sand animation performance by film director Ferenc Cakó, illustrating the vital importance of clean water for communities around the world. In his opening address, János Áder, President of Hungary, identified water as the most significant issue of the 21st century. UN General Assembly President Peter Thomson, World Bank managing director Joaquim Levy and the heads of state of Bangladesh, Mauritius, and Tajikistan, addressed delegates at the opening, and messages were conveyed from UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Archbishop of Constantinople Bartholomew I, and Pope Francis. Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, President of Mauritius and Co-Chair of the High-Level Panel on Water (HLPW), emphasized small island states’ extreme exposure to the impacts of climate change, and announced that the HLPW is currently taking stock of financing mechanisms for the water sector. Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan, stressed the importance of water for agriculture and energy production for development. Sheikh Hasina Wazed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh, outlined the HLPW’s priorities, including: building resilience to disasters; ensuring equitable water distribution; and developing resilient crop varieties and agricultural technologies. In the morning and afternoon, a series of panels convened. The opening panel of speakers discussed how water connects the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The following sessions featured speakers and high-level panelists who discussed ways to provide safe and affordable drinking water, and to improve sanitation and hygiene. In the evening, delegates attended a concert and reception at the Palace of the Arts. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary report from BWS 2016, which is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Inauguration Session János Áder, President of Hungary Peter Thomson, President, United Nations General Assembly Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, President of Mauritius and HLPW Co-Chair Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan Video message by Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary-General Video message from His All Holiness, Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople Sheikh Hasina Wazed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Peter Thomson, President, United Nations General Assembly and János Áder, President of Hungary Peter Thomson, President, United Nations General Assembly János Áder, President of Hungary Opening PanelWater connects the SDGs (L-R) Johan Kuylenstierna, Executive Director of the Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden; Pavel Kabat, Director General and Chief Executive Officer, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis; Heiner Markhoff, President and Chief Executive Officer, GE Power & Water’s Water & Process Technologies; Joachim von Amsberg, Vice-President, Policy and Strategy, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; Tegegnework Gettu, UN Under-Secretary-General and UNDP Associate Administrator; Han Seung-soo, Former Prime Minister, Republic of Korea; and Danilo Türk, Former President of the Republic of Slovenia and Chair of the Global High-Level Panel on Water and Peace Tegegnework Gettu, UN Under-Secretary-General and UNDP Associate Administrator Han Seung-soo, Former Prime Minister, Republic of Korea; and Danilo Türk, Former President of the Republic of Slovenia and Chair of the Global High-Level Panel on Water and Peace Heiner Markhoff, President and Chief Executive Officer, GE Power & Water’s Water & Process Technologies Joachim von Amsberg, Vice-President, Policy and Strategy, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Session 1How to provide safe and affordable drinking water (L-R) Bai Mass Taal, Former Executive Secretary, the African Ministers’ Council on Water; Henk Ovink, Special Envoy for International Water Affairs, the Netherlands; Gérard Payen, Former Adviser, United Nations Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Water & Sanitation; Themba Gumbo, Director, Cap-Net, United Nations Development Programme; Torgny Holmgren, Executive Director, Stockholm International Water Institute; and José Carrera, Vice-President of Social Development, Development Bank of Latin America José Carrera, Vice-President of Social Development, Development Bank of Latin America Henk Ovink, Special Envoy for International Water Affairs, the Netherlands High-level panel discussion 1Do we have enough good water to drink? (L-R) Bai Mass Taal, Former Executive Secretary, the African Ministers’ Council on Water; Mohamed El Azizi, Director, Water and Sanitation Department and the African Water Facility, African Development Bank; Manuel Sager, Director General, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; Kenth Hvid Nielsen, Group Vice-President for Global Market Segment Water Utility, Grundfos; Jaana Husu-Kallio, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland; Zsuzsanna Jakab, Regional Director for Europe, World Health Organization; Themba Gumbo, Director, Cap-Net, United Nations Development Programme; and Torgny Holmgren, Executive Director, Stockholm International Water Institute Mohamed El Azizi, Director, Water and Sanitation Department and the African Water Facility, African Development Bank Bai Mass Taal, Former Executive Secretary, the African Ministers’ Council on Water Jaana Husu-Kallio, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland Zsuzsanna Jakab, Regional Director for Europe, World Health Organization Session 2How to improve sanitation and hygiene Sanjay Wijesekera, Chief of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Programme Division, UNICEF Pierre Victoria, Vice-President of Sustainable Development, Veolia High-level panel discussion 2Do we have water solutions for improved public health and hygiene? (L-R) Jack Moss, Executive Director, Aquafed; Anders Berntell, Executive Director, 2030 Water Resources Group / International Finance Corporation; Sue Goeransson, Director, Municipal and Environmental Infrastructure Team, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Joakim Harlin, Vice-Chair, UN-Water; Alix Lerebours, Board Member, Water Youth Network; Lesha Witmer, Women for Water Partnership; Ali Chavoshian, UNESCO Regional Centre on Urban Water Management (RCUWM), International Drought Initiative (IDI); and Miklós Szócska, Director, Health Services Management Training Centre Joakim Harlin, Vice-Chair, UN-Water Ali Chavoshian, UNESCO Regional Centre on Urban Water Management (RCUWM), International Drought Initiative (IDI), representing Iran Alix Lerebours, Board Member, Water Youth Network Miklós Szócska, Director, Health Services Management Training Centre Around the Venue

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Friday, 18 November 2016: Re-framing Food and Agriculture: From Degeneration to Regeneration Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) High-Level Meeting Business Perspectives on Implementing the Paris Agreement: Role of Business in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and 5-Year Cycles Addressing Loss and Damage in Developing Countries: The Need for a Global Agricultural Insurance Mechanism Main Achievements - Future Ambitions, State of Palestine IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis, Liz Rubin and Tallash Kantai For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Re-framing Food and Agriculture: From Degeneration to RegenerationPresented by Biovision Foundation, IFOAM-Organics International, Organic Consumers Association, Regeneration International and Shumei International This event, moderated by Alexis Baden-Mayer, Organic Consumers Association, US, addressed the use of sustainable agricultural practices and landscape restoration as tools to address climate change, and contribute to negative carbon emissions. Konrad Meyer, Biovision Foundation, called for enhancing the scientific evidence for sustainable agriculture in different contexts, and urged showcasing these practices. He advocated for a greater focus on enabling conditions for sustainable agriculture, including at the national and subnational level. John D. Liu, Environmental Education Media Project, presented a film on landscape restoration. He described the establishment of ecosystem cooperatives and ecosystem camps as a bottom-up approach that encourages landscape restoration and teaches regenerative agriculture. Andre Leu, President, IFOAM-Organics International, said an important tool for addressing climate change is soil management, noting that soil holds twice the amount of carbon as other potential carbon sinks. He stated that farming needs to stop contributing to climate change and instead become one of the most important solutions to addressing climate change. Abdellah Boudhira, Regenerative Farmer, Morocco, said he has changed his farming practices to using organic methods. He said that use of, inter alia, crop rotation and heirloom seeds has assisted in regenerating soils and improved crop resilience to pest infestations. Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Natural Agriculture Development Program, Zambia, highlighted the benefits of natural agriculture practices, by, for instance, using mulching to preserve soil water retention, which can help in times of drought. She said her organization also works on improving access to markets for some smallholder farmers. Murielle Trouillet, 4p1000 Initiative, Ministry of Agriculture, France, presented on the 4p1000 initiative that aims to, among others, improve knowledge on soils and collaboration among stakeholders, and facilitate access to finance. She said that current practices should be valorized and disseminated. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed: improving coordination between government ministries to ensure a coherent message; paradigm shifts to avoid business-as-usual in farming; the increasing amount of food aid required for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa; blue carbon farming practices and their benefits, including food security; and work on regenerating farms around Fukushima, Japan. From L-R: Konrad Meyer, Biovision Foundation; John D. Liu, Environmental Education Media Project; Andre Leu, President, IFOAM-Organics International; Abdellah Boudhira, Regenerative Farmer, Morocco; Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Natural Agriculture Development Program, Zambia; and Murielle Trouillet, 4p1000 Initiative, French Ministry of Agriculture, France Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Natural Agriculture Development Program, Zambia, said that there are discrepancies between reported statistics and data on climate change, and what is actually happening on the ground. Abdellah Boudhira, Regenerative Farmer, Morocco, said that using organic farming methods can reestablish the connection between farmers and consumers, and reduce the price of vegetables by cutting out the middlemen. Murielle Trouillet, 4p1000 Initiative, Ministry of Agriculture, France, said that farmers are key to addressing climate change, stating that they must be a part of the elaboration of tools to help improve farming practices. Andre Leu, President, IFOAM-Organics International, said that climate change is like a sinking boat where we have not even managed to plug the leak. John D. Liu, Environmental Education Media Project, presented a film on landscape restoration, and addressed its contributions to higher, sustainable yields. Konrad Meyer, Biovision Foundation, said that sustainable agricultural practices are “the right way forward,” and evidence to support this should be strengthened. Contacts: Alexis Baden-Mayer (Moderator)| alexis@organicconsumers.org More Information: www.organicconsumers.org/ Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) High-Level MeetingPresented by the CVF Moderator Negash Kebret Botora, Ethiopia, opened the meeting. CVF Chair Gemedo Dalle, Ethiopia, invited CVF countries to pursue robust domestic climate action agendas to ensure the full implementation of the Paris Agreement. Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), underscored the instrumental role of the CVF in the recognition of the 1.5°C temperature target in the Paris Agreement, and said the proposed CVF declaration assures a continued political will for high-level ambition. Imane Boulberj and Abdelkrim Achache, Youth Climate Change, relayed messages from over 50,000 school children in Morocco, underscoring the need to teach children how to protect the environment. Saleemul Huq, Chair, CVF Expert Advisory Group, highlighted the “Low Carbon Monitor” scientific report, noting that the 1.5°C target is not only possible, but presents an opportunity for countries. He emphasized that the next tranche of CVF activities will focus on South-South cooperation. Ambassador Gebeyehu Ganga Gayito, Deputy Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to the UN, noted that, following review by the Ministers at the CVF Troika Plus meeting in Addis Ababa in October 2016, draft outcome documentation was approved during the Senior Officials Meeting on 10 November 2016, with some modifications on, inter alia: modification of language on the 1.5°C target; and consideration of future adoption of Designated National Focal Point Communications. Mulugeta Mengist Ayalew, Director of Climate Change Diplomacy, Office of the Prime Minister, Ethiopia, presented a summary of the CVF Troika Plus work, noting minor modifications to the documents. Dalle noted the outcome documents; invited voluntary contributions; underscored the convening of the first CVF summit in mid-2018; and invited countries who wish to join the CVF to make their statements. Colombia, Gambia, Lebanon, Palestine and Samoa formally submitted their requests to join the CVF. The Maldives, seconded by Costa Rica and Bangladesh, tabled a motion, which was agreed by acclamation, for the adoption of the outcome documentation (CVF2016/1), including: the Guidance for Capitalization of the CVF Trust Fund; operational modalities; the CVF and Vulnerable 20 (V20) Communications Strategy; the CVF Vision; and the Marrakech Communiqué. Noting the legend that her ancestry had the power of talking to sharks and turn the tides, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner, Marshallese Poet, Marshall Islands, equated the Marrakech Communiqué to the spoken word that has the power to change the climate tide. On statements by the Troika (Costa Rica, Ethiopia and the Philippines), Marshall Islands expressed commitment to the 1.5°C target and underscored that the new energy revolution is unstoppable. Stressing that the ultimate goal is long-term survival and not only short-term gains, the Philippines stressed the CVF is not a UNFCCC negotiating body but an advocacy organization, which highlights the urgent need for climate justice and the benefits of early climate action. Costa Rica underscored the development of low-emission pathways for the rest of the century and underscored the need for rapid implementation of the Paris Agreement while safeguarding its integrity and ambition. COP 22 President Salaheddine Mezouar underscored that the CVF Roadmap seeks to turn NDCs into actionable, bankable projects, and provide a clear plan for finance and capacity building. He said the COP Presidency would take into consideration the CVF recommendations. CVF members Senegal, Rwanda, Tanzania, Afghanistan, the Dominican Republic, Nepal, the Maldives, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Guatemala provided statements, highlighting, inter alia: their commitment to the CVF’s work; national challenges related to climate change and efforts to address its negative impacts; the importance of cooperation and synergies among vulnerable countries to scale up efforts to address climate change, including sharing innovations, experiences and lessons learned; the need for international support, including financial mechanisms to help them fulfill their commitments and build resilience; the importance of institutional strengthening and capacity building; and the need for inclusivity and transparency, including in collective proposals to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). In their remarks, CVF observers Germany, China and France, lauded the CVF’s work and stressed, among others: their long-term goals towards carbon neutrality; and their efforts to support developing countries, including with respect to capacity building, building resilience, renewable energy development, early warning systems and insurance against disasters. On behalf of civil society, Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Head of Climate and Energy, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) International, said the 1.5°C target is only possible with early action and a shift to 100% renewable energy by mid-century. He underscored the need for funding for adaptation and loss and damage. CVF Chair Dalle closed the Forum at 12:20pm. Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary, UNFCCC Saleemul Huq, Chair, CVF Expert Advisory Group Gemedo Dale, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Ethiopia Ambassador Gebeyehu Ganga Gayito, Deputy Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to the UN Mulugeta Mengist Ayalew, Director of Climate Change Diplomacy, Office of the Prime Minister, Ethiopia Ambassador Negash Kebret Botora, Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to the UN, Geneva Abdelkrim Achache, high school student, Youth Climate Change, Morocco Imane Boulberj, high school student, Youth Climate Change, Morocco Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner, Marshall Islands Mattlan Zackhras, Minister in Assistance to the President of the Marshall Islands Kare Chawicha, State Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Ethiopia Ismail Raushan, Maldives Edgar Gutierrez Espeleta, Minister of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica Evelyn Cruzada, Office of the Cabinet Secretary, the Philippines Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22 President Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Head of Climate and Energy, WWF International Contacts: Matthew McKinnon (Coordinator) | matthew.mckinnon@undp.org More Information: www.thecvf.org Business Perspectives on Implementing the Paris Agreement: Role of Business in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and 5-Year CyclesPresented by the US Council for International Business (USCIB) Stephen Eule, US Chamber of Commerce, moderated the event, which explored business perspectives on the implementation of the Paris Agreement, including the engagement of the business community in the development of NDCs. Stating that governments have indicated their interest to engage stakeholders, including the business community, Norine Kennedy, USCIB, said this provides an opportunity to move forward in a facilitative dialogue after COP 22. Tanyeli Behiç Sabuncu, Tüsiad, explained the Turkish business community’s involvement in developing and implementing Turkey's NDC. He referred to several policy instruments, underscoring the need for consistency within different policies to support business performance. Walter Koren, Director General of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, lauded the momentum of the “working COP” to make progress on the Paris Agreement, pointing to the engagement of the Austrian business community. Highlighting that the green business sector is growing faster than an average business in Austria, he said a significant portion of research and development supports the environmental technology sector. Recognizing “good discussion” with the Swedish Government whereby the business community is invited to share their expert perspective, Maria Sunér Fleming, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, admitted that these views are not always incorporated in corresponding policies. She stressed the need to retain business competitiveness under Sweden’s “strict” NDC. Saying many NDCs describe targets, but few specify policies to get there, Brian Flannery, Major Economies Business Forum on Energy Security and Climate Change (BizMEF), said businesses have to “put these pieces together.” He offered an example of a potential global carbon price, indicating it would have to increase considerably to meet the 2°C target. He called for an economy-wide perspective and global interactions, because businesses are interlinked. Referring to the Keidanren Action Plan for the Environment, Kazuhiko Hombu, University of Tokyo, said this included the collaboration of 60 different industries to address climate change and broader environmental issues. Commenting that it will be difficult to reach the 2°C target without carbon capture and storage (CCS), John Scowcroft, Global CCS Institute, said ten NDCs refer to CCS, covering approximately 30% of global emissions. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia, how to interact with emerging green business associations, which may have different views on climate policies, and how to hold multinational companies accountable to NDCs. From L-R: Stephen Eule​, US Chamber of Commerce; Maria Sunér Fleming, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise; Norine Kennedy, USCIB; Brian Flannery, BizMEF; Tanyeli Behiç Sabuncu, Tüsiad​; and Walter Koren, Director General of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber​ Norine Kennedy, USCIB, called business “a special stakeholder group with special expectations,” and suggested closer collaborations with governments to implement the Paris Agreement. Tanyeli Behiç Sabuncu, Tüsiad​, cautioned that an additional carbon tax on energy goods would have large economic impacts, especially on more carbon-intensive sectors in Turkey. Asking what the consequences will be for business competitiveness within Sweden’s ambitious climate policy, Maria Sunér Fleming, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, called addressing this issue an “interesting balance.” Stephen Eule, US Chamber of Commerce, explained that the side event aimed to promote a dialogue and share views between businesses and governments on how to implement the Paris Agreement. Contacts: Norine Kennedy (Coordinator) | nkennedy@uscib.org More Information: www.majoreconomiesbusinessforum.org/ Addressing Loss and Damage in Developing Countries: The Need for a Global Agricultural Insurance MechanismPresented by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) and the Action by Churches Alliance (ACT Alliance) Isaiah Toroitich, ACT Alliance, moderated the event. Chandra Bhushan, Deputy Director General, CSE, underscored that risk management and transfer mechanisms will become increasingly important in safeguarding small and marginal farmers from climate change impacts. Noting an increase in extreme weather events, he stressed the growing demand in the developing world for agricultural safety nets to supplement adaptation. He proposed the establishment of a globally supported agricultural insurance mechanism by 2022. Gottfried Von Gemmingen, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany, noted that insurance does not reduce risk, but rather promotes awareness of risk for better management. He warned that agricultural insurance mechanisms must be sensitive to moral hazard or they could lead to unsustainable agricultural practices. Teresia Powell, Fiji, highlighted cases of Fijian relocation due to sea level rise. She welcomed anchoring Loss and Damage in the Paris Agreement in an article separate from adaptation. She stressed that community engagement in relocation is critical, especially in assessing risk, identifying new sites and developing building plans. She drew attention to the spiritual, psychological and emotional costs of community relocation. Highlighting the challenges of pursuing a Loss and Damage agenda, Peter Tarfa, Director, Climate Change Department, Nigeria, welcomed the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM). He reiterated the need for a globally supported agricultural insurance mechanism and said it should begin with the incorporation of national-level mechanisms. Sabine Minninger, Bread for the World, Germany, highlighted the role of humanitarian networks as most appropriate for distribution of Loss and Damage funds. She expressed hope that, by 2019, a Loss and Damage report would open doors to a broader financing discussion. During discussion, participants considered, inter alia: strategies to address unaffordable insurance premiums; the role of humanitarian networks to improve efficiency of insurance mechanisms; and the movement of Loss and Damage policy discussions from the periphery to the center of climate change negotiations. From L-R: Teresia Powell, Fiji; Gottfried Von Gemmingen, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany; Peter Tarfa, Director, Climate Change Department, Nigeria; and Sabine Minninger, Bread for the World, Germany. Peter Tarfa, Director, Climate Change Department, Nigeria, highlighted unprecedented flooding in Nigeria in 2012, which displaced more than two million people. Chandra Bhushan, Deputy Director General, CSE, said that of the ten countries most affected by extreme weather events from 1993-2010, nine were developing countries. Gottfried Von Gemmingen, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany, emphasized that equity and climate justice must be the cornerstones of any global insurance mechanism. Sabine Minninger, Bread for the World, Germany, underscored the moral obligation to put Loss and Damage financing on the table. Contacts: Vijeta Rattani (Coordinator) | vijeta@cseindia.org Isaiah Toroitich (Moderator) | ikt@actalliance.org More Information: actalliance.org/ Main Achievements - Future Ambitions, State of PalestinePresented by the State of Palestine, Sweden, Belgium, UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA), Ricardo-AEA and Zoï Environment Network The event highlighted key advancements for the State of Palestine since joining the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 17 March 2016 and during COP 22 in Marrakech. Otto Simonett, Director, Zoï Environment Network, moderated the event. Adalah Atira, Chairperson of Palestinian Environment Quality Authority, emphasized that more than 90% of Palestine’s water is not suitable for human consumption, which makes water projects a priority. On challenges to scaling up climate action “beyond the Israeli occupation,” she stressed: lack of means of implementation, technology and human capacity to implement ambitious climate policies; and the lack of an appropriate institutional framework. Rima Khalaf, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary, the UN Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA), stated that Israel exercises full control over Palestine’s resources, including water, land and food, which hampers opportunities in health and education. She emphasized that climate action in Palestine cannot be prosperous under the Israeli occupation. Lars Ronnås, Climate Change Ambassador, Sweden, said the Paris Agreement was a groundbreaking achievement of the international community and that “it’s important to keep the momentum” by being inclusive and human-centered. Peter Wittoeck, Head of Delegation, Belgium, recalled that Palestine is acting on climate change under extremely difficult circumstances. He mentioned that Belgium is fostering cooperation on climate change as a crosscutting theme, which includes education as a vital component of this partnership. He concluded acknowledging the role of the Palestine Authority in leading actions on climate change, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reports. Rima Abu Middain, Team Leader, Natural Capital, UN Development Programme (UNDP), highlighted the work of UNDP in eradicating poverty and social exclusion in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She noted the allocation of around US$122 million to protecting natural resources and promoting resilience in the State of Palestine. She stressed initiatives since 2009 to mainstream climate concerns in development policies, lamenting they have been constrained by weak institutional arrangements. Nedal Katbeh-Bader, Advisor for Climate Change, Environment Quality Authority, State of Palestine, provided an overview of the State of Palestine’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which focuses on adaptation. He explained how the Israeli occupation exacerbates the difficulties of tackling adaptation and mitigation effectively, which increases human vulnerability. Mahmoud Abu Ebeid, Climate Change Advisor, Ricardo-AEA, offered a technical perspective, presenting Palestine’s progress in the short term, including: the development of a national GHG inventory; mitigation options outlined in the Initial National Communication Report (INCR) submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat; and vulnerability assessment and adaptation in all sectors. In the ensuing discussion, participants considered: the importance of regional cooperation for implementing the NDC; solutions for dumping industrial waste; and challenges to accessing technology and finance. Panelists highlighted that, despite advancements in climate action, the Israeli occupation delays implementation. One panelist also drew attention to the significant difficulties faced by Palestine in accessing the Global Environment Facility (GEF) funding. From L-R: Mahmoud Abu Ebeid, Climate Change Advisor, Ricardo-AEA; Rima Abu Middain, Team Leader, Natural Capital, UNDP; Rima Khalaf, ESCWA;  Adalah Atira, Chairperson of Palestinian Environment Quality Authority; Peter Wittoeck, Head of Delegation, Belgium; Lars Ronnås, Climate Change Ambassador, Sweden; and Nedal Katbeh-Bader, Advisor for Climate Change, Environment Quality Authrotiy, State of Palestine Rima Khalaf, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary, the UN Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA), affirmed that climate change is also about human rights. Adalah Atira, Chairperson of Palestinian Environment Quality Authority, recalled that “we are among the first 15 champions in ratifying the Paris Agreement.” Lars Ronnås, Climate Change Ambassador, Sweden, reaffirmed his country’s commitment to the Palestinian cause and sustainable development efforts. Peter Wittoeck, Head of Delegation, Belgium, affirmed that “we are here to help Palestinians comply with their obligations under the Paris Agreement.” Contacts: Otto Simonett  (moderator)| otto.simonnet@zoinet.org More Information: www.zoinet.org About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/COP22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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On Tuesday, 15 November, the UN Climate Change Conference continued in Marrakech, Morocco. In the morning, the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) closed, and the opening plenary of the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1) convened. The opening ceremony of the joint high-level segment of the COP, COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) and CMA took place. Contact groups and informal consultations under the COP and CMP took place throughout the day. In the afternoon, the joint high-level segment continued. The webcast of the joint high-level segment is available at: http://unfccc.cloud.streamworld.de/webcast/high-level-segment. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Family photo of heads of state and government, and ministers attending COP 22 Opening of the High-Level Segment View of the dais during the opening of the high-level segment (HLS) King of Morocco Mohammed VI UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Miriame Mouhoub, Morrocan Youth delivering a 'Statement on the Future of the Planet'  Laurene Powell Jobs, Emerson Collective Peter Thomson, President of the UN General Assembly President François Hollande, France Security during the high-level segment Children participate in a song to welcome delegates to the high-level segment High-Level Segment View of the dais during the high-level segment President Mahamadou Issoufou, Niger, speaking on behalf of the African Group Prince Albert II, Monaco President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, Djibouti Emir of Kuwait Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah President Macky Sall, Senegal President Michelle Bachelet, Chile President Baron Waqa, Nauru President Danny Rollen Faure, Seychelles President Gjorge Ivanov, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Dignitaries Meet Informally Dignitaries gather in the VIP section of the venue COP 21/CMP 11 President Laurent Fabius, former Minister for Foreign Affairs, France Wu Hongbo, UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Amina J. Mohammed, Minister of the Environment, Nigeria Presidents and prime ministers speak informally King of Morocco Mohammed VI President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberia President François Hollande, France Dignitaries are served traditional Moroccan mint tea Dignitaries from Oman Around the Venue Delegates gather for the start of the high-level segment A red carpet is rolled out for dignitaries UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Peter Thomson, President of the UN General Assembly, arrive at the venue Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President, and UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President, sychronize their watches for climate action President Michelle Bachelet, Chile President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, Sudan Emir of Kuwait Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

On Monday, 14 November, the UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) continued in Marrakech, Morocco. Throughout the day, contact groups and informal consultations took place under the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA). In the evening the contact group on agenda Items 3-8 convened under the APA. A joint Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)/Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) informal consultations also took place. The closing plenaries of the 45th sessions of the SBI and the SBSTA, and the second part of the first session of the APA took place in the evening. The APA suspended at 11:23pm. The SBI and SBSTA are expected to close on Tuesday morning. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) agenda item 8: further matters related to implementation of the Paris Agreement COP informal consultations on linkages between the Technology Mechanism and the Financial Mechanism of the Convention COP informal consultations on the proposal from Papua New Guinea and Mexico to amend Articles 7 and 18 of the Convention COP informal consultations on matters relating to finance: sixth review of the Financial Mechanism Informal consultations by the Presidency on the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) 1 COP informal consultations on matters relating to finance: report of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to the COP and guidance to the GCF First Working Group Session of the Multilateral Assessment View of the dais during the session Mark Sinclair, New Zealand SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Peer Stiansen, Norway Reed Schuler, US Sylwia Waśniewska, Poland Markus Nauser, Switzerland Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Closing Plenary View of the dais during the SBSTA closing plenary SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize Kanchana Patarachoke, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Ismail Raushan, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Lassina Coulibaly, Mali, speaking on behalf of the African Group María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Mexico, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Gloria Young, Panama Alicia Ilaga, the Philippines Tunga Bhadra Rai, speaking on behalf of Indigenous Peoples Anne-Beth Skrede, TUNGOs Eddy Pérez, Climate Action Network (CAN) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Closing Plenary View of the dais during the SBI closing plenary SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Sophie Davies, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Svitlana Grynchuk, Ukraine Rebecca Chien, YOUNGOs Kwon Sei-joong, Republic of Korea, speaking on behalf of the EIG Theo De Jager, Farmers Daniela Rangel Esparza, Women and Gender APA Closing Plenary View of the dais during the APA closing plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Manasvi Srisodapol, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Franz Perrez, Switzerland Collin Beck, Solomon Islands Peter Horne, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia Amjad Abdulla, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Gabriela Fischerová, EU Adriana Murillo, Costa Rica, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) Diego Pacheco Balanza, Bolivia, speaking on behalf of the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDCs) Civil Society Demonstrations throughout the Day Members of civil society call for eliminating the use of fossil fuels Members of civil society advocate for using 100% renewable energy to stay below the 1.5°C limit Youth from New Zealand advocate for an increase in ambition, not emissions Around the Venue UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa congratulates Austrian youth delegates on their 'green footprints' initiative aimed at increasing the participation of children in climate change action High-level event hosted by the COP 22 President to discuss progress made in advancing national adaptation plans (NAPs) Delegates huddle between sessions Delegates speak informally Ismail El Gizouli, Sudan Inger Andersen, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Director General Press briefing with Jonathan Pershing, US Special Envoy for Climate Change UN Security around the venue Chizuru Aoki, Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Art made from recycled tires The supermoon rises over the COP 22 venue