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The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Friday, 10 November 2017: Transformative Local Actions Towards Climate Resilient and Sustainable Cities in East Asia Energy Policy Tradeoffs within the Broader Sustainable Development Challenge Sharing the Climate Action Platform: Equipping Non-State Actors to Participate in the Energy Transition Water for Urban Resilience Climate Action for Food Security: Harvesting Adaptation and Mitigation Benefits in the Land Sector IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) Meeting Coverage, will provide daily web coverage from selected side events at the UN Climate Change Conference - November 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada and Herman Njoroge Chege For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Transformative Local Actions Toward Climate Resilient and Sustainable Cities in East Asia Presented by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability Japan (ICLEI-JO), ICLEI East Asia (ICLEI-EAS), ICLEI Kaohsiung Capacity Center (ICLEI-KCC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) This session, moderated by Tsu-Jui Cheng, Director, ICLEI-KCC, focused on East Asian urban initiatives and local actions to tackle climate change, city-to-city cooperation and the perspective of the private sector. The session included introductory remarks followed by two panels. Cheng underscored the urgency of developing solutions and synergies between Asian cities to tackle climate change. In introductory remarks, Gino Van Begin, Secretary General, ICLEI, highlighted that 73% of energy is consumed in cities worldwide, many of which are in East Asia. He stressed the significant role for cities to play in helping nations implement the Paris Agreement.  Xuedu Lu, ADB, emphasized the importance of sharing knowledge between East Asian cities to build resilient pathways and support low-carbon urban development.  The first panel was moderated by Shu Zhu, Regional Director, ICLEI-EAS. Chen Ke Zheng, Guangzhou, China, gave an overview of low-carbon activities in the city, including on transport, green finance mechanisms and solid waste treatment, highlighting recycling and non-hazardous waste treatment initiatives.  Jing Yu, Shenzhen, China, explained that policies and guidelines released by the local government have increased the use of new energy vehicles in the city; for example, 100% of the buses in Shenzhen are now electric.  Battulga Erkhembayar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, emphasized that Ulaanbaatar is contributing to Mongolia’s overall climate goals and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by focusing on sectors that can be managed at the local level, such as forest resources, urban planning and energy. He outlined 18 mitigation and adaption projects.  Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama, Japan, explained the city’s objective of becoming a “compact city,” with centralized areas focusing on good public transport, among other things. He explained Toyama’s development of micro-hydro plants and highlighted technology transfer to Indonesia.  Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan, described initiatives that aim to achieve low-carbon and sustainable development in such a large city. She highlighted that in 2016 they had reduced urban emissions back to 2008 levels.   Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation, noted that Delta has become a global leader in switching power supplies. She said in the last seven years, Delta customers saved over 20.8 billion kWh of electricity by continuously improving energy efficiency. She highlighted that since 2006, Delta has established 25 green buildings across its global offices, some reaching net-zero energy consumption, which saved 15.2 million kWh of electricity in 2016. On transport, she described Delta’s efforts on LED streetlights and electric vehicle charging systems. Guo gave the example of their Shanghai operating center, which acquired US LEED Green Building Platinum Certification and reduced its energy consumption by 60%, combining a number of green technologies. On social participation, she accentuated Delta Foundation collaboration with a research team to establish a ‘Building Carbon Footprint Evaluation System,’ which helps cities examine their building improvements with a life-cycle perspective. She gave the example of New Taipei City, where the library has reduced its carbon emissions by 35% with this system. She also described the Delta Green Building exhibition, first opened at COP 21, whose interactive game to show different choices in energy sources attracted 65,000 visitors in 2017 during the EcoMobility World Festival in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Lu noted the active involvement of the private sector in the development of urban sustainable development; gave an overview of the ADB’s priorities pertaining to green urban development, including sustainable infrastructure, energy and transportation; and stressed the importance of environmental and economic progress in the projects. He asked the panel to discuss opportunities for the private sector to invest in sustainable projects that are profitable. Guo noted that Delta is committed to spending 7% of its revenue on research and development so it can bring the most energy efficient products to its customers, saving energy and providing them with an economic incentive.  During the second panel, moderated by Takashi Otsuka, ICLEI-JO participants heard contributions focusing on resilient and smart cities from: Pu Xinda, Jiaxing, China; Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan, who noted the city’s aim of having zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the latter half of the 21st century; Chia-An Wu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, who noted a 14.7% emissions reduction below 2005 levels through their emissions reduction strategy; and Kenshi Baba, Tokyo City University, who gave a brief history of climate change strategies in Japanese local governments and the uptake of adaptation strategies.   Tsu-Jui Cheng, Director, ICLEI-KCC said that East Asia has been moving towards urban transformation in an unprecedented way. Gino Van Begin, Secretary General, ICLEI World Secretariat, noted the importance of implementing resilience plans at the local level.   Chen Ke Zheng, Guanghzou, China, expressed the desire to build a world-class city and contribute to global climate action. Jing Yu, Shenzhen, announced that 100% of all buses in his city are electric and 100% of taxis will be by 2020. Battulga Erkhembayar, Director, Environmental Department, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, noted the city’s target of reducing transport emissions by 10% by 2020. Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama, Japan, explained his city’s strategy of becoming a resilient, compact city. Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation, talked about how the private sector can contribute to sustainable development. Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan, noted her city’s responsibility for low-carbon development as the largest in the country. Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan, discussed the ‘Kyoto+20’ conference set to take place at the end of the year on the global environment, which will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. Xuede Lu, ADB, said that for low-carbon urban designs, cities need to consider top-down as well as bottom-up approaches. L-R: Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation; Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama City, Japan; Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and Battulga Erkhembayar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia L-R: Kenshi Baba, Tokyo City University; Chia-An Wu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ; Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan; and Pu Xinda, Jiaxing, China Contact: Yalin Tsai (Delta Electronics) | yalin.tsai@deltaww.com More Information: www.iclei.org/activities/events.html Energy Policy Trade-offs within the Broader Sustainable Development Challenge Presented by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) This session, moderated by Eduardo Zepeda, OPTIMUS Community, discussed capacity development for energy policies and sustainable development alternatives, focusing on integrated analysis system models. Mark Howells, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, spoke on the development of quantitative tools enabling the identification of interlinkages between climate, water and energy more effectively. He gave the example of India, explaining that irrigation systems must be evaluated in an integrative manner to save both water and energy. He concluded by noting how climate change will produce shortages of resources, which could trigger conflict and called for technology development that is aligned with carbon reduction goals. Tobias Fuchs, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DW), spoke on the Global Framework for Climate Services, a UN initiative that supports climate adaptation. He said energy and meteorology go hand-in-hand, through, for example: solar energy disruption in cloudy conditions; precipitation patterns impacting hydropower energy; and wind speed affecting wind energy.  Simon Langan, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), discussed integrated solutions for water, energy and land. He highlighted five key messages that will enhance capacity and partnerships, including to: deepen the evidence base to support policy and practice towards solutions; move away from silos to integrated systems; think through a transdisciplinary lens; consider multiple and nested scales to develop changes in knowledge, attitude and skills; and communicate effectively and disseminate information.  María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Director General, National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), Mexico, spoke on emerging methods to better integrate the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She gave the example of hydrological basins contained in selected urban areas, and described training experiences in her country focusing on the example of the “CLESS Modeling Tools for Sustainable Development.” She stressed the importance of training to improve the use of the modeling tools and data management.  In the ensuing discussion, participants discussed, inter alia: modeling methods; climate change services; river basins’ use of climate modeling; education on sustainable energy; the importance of improved communication on the use of climate models; and capacity building at the sub-national level. Tobias Fuchs, DW, called for a mix of energy sources to ensure security in the energy supply. Mark Howells, KTH, defended the importance of ‘communities of practice’ to improve science and decision-making. Eduardo Zepeda, OPTIMUS Community, highlighted institutional challenges to effective decision-making. View of the dais during the event Tobias Fuchs, DW, called for a mix of energy sources to ensure security in energy supply. María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Director General, INECC, said “the first challenge is to decide what we need to know” to illustrate how qualitative analysis is essential for coherent decision making. Mark Howells, KTH, defended the importance of communities of practice to improve science and decision making. Eduardo Zepeda, OpTIMUS Community, highlighted institutional challenges to effective decision making. Simon Langan, IIASA, highlighted the need to deepen partnerships to enhance capacity building in developing countries. Contact: David Earl Shropshire (IAEA) | d.shropshire@iaea.org More Information: www.iaea.org Sharing the Climate Action Platform: Equipping Non-State Actors to Participate in the Energy TransitionPresented by WWF In this side event, experts debated the role of non-state actors in the transition to 100% renewable energy, with a particular focus on their opportunities and challenges and misconceptions about the sector. Tabaré Arroyo Currás, WWF Latin America and Caribbean, introduced the session and Rana Adib, Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), moderated the event.  Adib spoke of the positive outcomes in the renewable energy sector, including job creation, explaining that it employed 9.8 million people in 2016, a 1.1% increase from 2015. She underscored that 2016 was a great year for renewable energy, particularly as 176 countries had renewable energy targets, but called for faster action as the increase in fossil fuel-based energy had not been met by the increase in renewable energy. Kanika Chawla, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), explained that in her country of India, one in four people do not have access to electricity. She mentioned a “food chain” among state actors due to the credibility associated with larger institutions and a lack of coordination among non-state actors in the renewable energy sector. She suggested including renewables as an election issue to force elected officials to take action. On information dissemination, she said that “in an attempt to be accurate, we have lost the audience,” calling for simplified education material. Hugo Lucas, Factor, underscored that misconceptions about the benefits of migrating to renewable energy represent a challenge in reaching the 100% target and cautioned against exclusively addressing individuals already engaged in the energy sector. Noting that most material on renewable energy is dense and unclear for laypeople, he referenced John Cook’s literature on climate change communication, and called for using words such as “free” rather than “cost-saving.” Gloria Hsu, National Taiwan University, relayed the renewable energy situation in her country, explaining that, due to pressure from civil society, by 2025 nuclear power will be phased out and 20% of electricity will be from renewables. She continued that her government is the main barrier to increasing wind energy in her country, as it is not transparent. She added that the most important strategy to empower civil society is to provide them with information, and that initially they worked with opposition parties to gain traction.  Lydia Mogano, South African Faith Communities’ Environment Institute (SAFCEI), called for increased transparency at the government level, explaining that it is unclear where money will come from to finance the energy transition in her country. She asked how people will make sense of what has been discussed at the COP back at home, noting that there is no common understanding of what renewable energy is.  Eduardo Noboa, Institute of Sustainability Governance, Leuphana University Lüneburg, urged panelists to explain how their organizations were enabling renewable energy expansion in their countries. During the ensuing discussion, participants: called for building coalitions of non-state actors; asked how municipalities can assist in creating local renewable energy systems; urged using cyber politics intelligently; and discussed religion in renewable energy. The panel discussed how to equip non-state actors to participate in the energy transition. An audience member engaged in dialogue with the panel. Hugo Lucas, Factor, said that environmental education has already won the war in Europe. Lydia Mogano, SAFCEI, stated “we have a long way to go to educate people on renewables.”   Kanika Chawla, CEEW, said that although her country does not have any climate deniers, “we also don’t have any climate champions.” Rana Adib, REN21, said that “we have cultural Erasmus in Europe,” and asked, “should we have a climate Erasmus?” Contact: Rafael Señga (WWF) | rseñga@wwf.org.ph More Information: www.wwf.org Water for Urban ResiliencePresented by Global Climate Action (GCA) In this side event, a breakout session from Water Action Day, panelists explored new ways to mobilize urban and coastal communities, government officials and the private sector around building resilient, climate and water smart cities. Aziza Akhmouch, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), moderated the panel.  Katarina Luhr, City of Stockholm, Sweden, underlined the need for cities to discuss solutions and share best practices. She outlined nature-based solutions, including biochar and permeable soil and emphasized the importance of involving citizens in decision-making.  Cathy Oke, City of Melbourne, Australia, said an integrated water management approach to climate adaptation and resilience has been critical for her city. She emphasized the need to foster local partnerships, and work closely with key stakeholders to co-design and implement nature-based solutions. Jean-Didier Berthault, Megacities Alliance for Water and Climate, spoke about his organization’s work, including providing concrete examples on urban floods, sea level rise and water scarcity. He outlined projects and programmes taking place, including in Mexico City and Manila, emphasizing the importance of sharing best practices and innovative solutions for adaptation. David Stevens, UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), noted links between the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015-2030 and climate change, saying that DRR is an essential element of sustainable development. He highlighted the “golden opportunity” to ensure a holistic approach to disaster risk management.  Willi Kamm, City of Tuttlingen, Germany, outlined local experiences with water management and the Danube River.  Bertrand Camus, Director General, SUEZ Water France, underscored the need for circular economy approaches to water management. He said both traditional and nature-based solutions will play a role, while digital technology can bridge the two.  Mark Fletcher, Arup, emphasized the need for frameworks of understanding at a basin scale, clear lines of responsibility in governance processes and sharing knowledge. He said it is important to remember the unique cultural contexts of cities when establishing new adaptation policies. Franz Marré, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Germany, highlighted that cities are both producers of emissions and victims of climate impacts, saying we need to focus on integrated resource management. Recalling the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), he emphasized the need to empower cities and recognize them as key actors, not only as beneficiaries or target groups. Kobie Brand, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), outlined the work of her organization in Africa, describing water as a “common thread,” which impacts everyone’s lives on a daily basis. She emphasized the need for innovative nature-based solutions and cooperation amongst municipalities.  Stefan Reuter, Executive Director, Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA), said that solutions exist but implementing them remains the key challenge. He emphasized that fast-track learning and phased approaches will be essential.  Fatimetou Abdel Malick, City of Tevragh-Zeina, Mauritania, said “water is life” and an important cross-cutting issue. She emphasized that increasing resilience is the work of local governments, as they can mobilize citizens, increase awareness and motivate behavior change.  Franck Klipsch, Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), reflected on the importance of collaboration among local governments. He explained his organization’s strategy with elements, including: pre-disaster mitigation; increasing resilience capacity; restoring ecological infrastructure; multi-state disaster vulnerability assessments; and increasing disaster response.  Cees van de Guchte, Deltares, called for connecting urban water policy to the climate negotiations, suggesting that the SDGs provided an appropriate entry point. Paulo Sérgio Bretas de Almeida Salles, President, Agência Reguladora de Águas, Energia e Saneamento Básico do Distrito Federal (ADASA), Brazil, noted challenges due to lack of investment in water infrastructure and an ongoing drought, and highlighted the importance of improving legal and institutional frameworks. Cate Lamb, CDP, noted the critical role of the private sector in providing funding for a water secure world, saying that they are waking up to the importance of water security for their own business models and that the policy community can leverage that interest. Katarina Luhr, City of Stockholm, declared “water has no boundaries,” highlighting the importance of collaboration, nationally, regionally and globally. Cathy Oke, City of Melbourne, outlined her city’s goal to double tree canopy cover by 2040. Jean-Didier Berthault, Megacities Alliance for Water and Climate, said there are currently 31 megacities and there will be 10 more by 2030. David Stevens, UNISDR, said the Sendai Framework highlights the need for good governance at local, national, regional and global levels. L-R: Kobie Brand, ICLEI; Mark Fletcher, ARUP; Stefan Reuter, Executive Director, BORDA; Bertrand Camus, Director General, SUEZ Water France; Willi Kamm, City of Tuttlingen, with his interpreter; and Franz Marré, BMZ Aziza Akhmouch, OECD, said that “you cannot manage water only by following administrative boundaries.” Franz Marré, BMZ, urged looking beyond the climate perspective to consider broader issues.  Mark Fletcher, Arup, said “our future cities will be bluer and they will be greener – they will be great places to live.” Kobie Brand, ICLEI, said that African mayors are “at the forefront of this agenda” and are ready to take action. L-R: Franck Klipsch, MRCTI; Cate Lamb, CDP; Fatimetou Abdel Malick, Tevragh-Zeina; Paulo Sérgio Bretas de Almeida Salles, President, ADASA, Brazil; and Cees van de Guchte, Deltare Cate Lamb, CDP, said that US$93 trillion needs to be raised in the next 12 years to fund needed water infrastructure. Franck Klipsch, MRCTI, outlined the Mississippi River Infrastructure Plan. Contact: Barbara Black (GCA) | globalclimateaction@unfccc.int More Information: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/10490.php Climate Action for Food Security: Harvesting Adaptation and Mitigation Benefits in the Land SectorPresented by the UN The UN hosted this side event on climate action for food security, which focused on technology, women, indigenous peoples, finance, youth and climate. Martin Frick, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, moderated the session, explaining that, although farmers, especially poor ones, are the most vulnerable to climate change, they also have the potential to address food security and reduce GHGs.  Tania Osejo, World Food Programme (WFP), introduced the session, speaking of the social ramifications of agriculture. She underscored that, after steadily declining for over a decade, global hunger is on the rise. She noted that climate justice, gender, equality and human rights are key in adapting to and mitigating climate change.  Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji, noted the stagnation of agriculture in his country following Cyclone Winston in 2016. He called for: the restoration of lands degraded by erosion, monocropping and intense agriculture use; capacity building for farmers and service providers for adaptation; and reducing food waste to address hunger.  Divine Ntiokam, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN), explained that, in order to ensure a sustainable future, young farmers need capacity building at all levels, an enabling environment and a space to share. He called for the translation of UN documents into local languages and for the use of climate-smart agriculture.  Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, Association for Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad (AFPAT), Chad, said that indigenous livelihoods are linked to land. She called for not only food security, but food sovereignty for indigenous peoples, pointing to the right to land as key to achieving this. She urged the UN to come together to give a voice to indigenous peoples in addressing climate change.  Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute, cited an International Labour Organization study stating that agriculture is the most important source of employment for women in lower and middle-income countries. She highlighted that the central use of land is often inadequately considered when addressing mitigation and adaptation. She concluded that, with secure land rights, women farmers are more likely to increase crop yields, plant trees, conserve soil and use mitigation measures.  Juan Chang, Green Climate Fund (GCF), said his organization is already funding mitigation and adaptation initiatives, including significant resources already allocated to the land use sector. He added that the land use sector has always been fragmented, and called for stakeholders to consider how environmental and social benefits can be achieved through investment.  Saiful Islam, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, explained how crop modeling and remote sensing can address climate change, highlighting that they can show precipitation changes and predict yield. He provided an example of modeling from his country, which showed that drought would increase in the future, noting that CO2 impacts crop growth. He added that technological assistance to farmers is critical for adaptation.  During the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among other things: women’s empowerment, particularly through family planning; providing youth with the means to access funding; how to encourage women to stay in the agriculture sector; the role of cities in addressing food security; using market-driven models to empower climate-smart farmers; addressing cultural differences that are obstacles to women; and reducing fragmentation amongst communities. Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute, said that rural girls and women are sustained by natural resources. L-R: Divine Ntiokam, CSAYN, and Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji L-R: Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute; Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, AFPAT, Chad; Tania Osejo, WFP; Juan Chang, GCF; Divine Ntiokam, CSAYN; and Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji An audience member urged the panel to address women’s empowerment through family planning.  Contact: Julia Wolf (FAO) | julia.wolf@fao.org  More Information: www.un.org/en/

The Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Thursday. Contact groups and informal consultations under the Conference of the Parties (COP), Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP), Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) met throughout the day. In the afternoon, the APA held a stocktake to hear reports from work under all its agenda items. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference 2017. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day SBSTA informal consultations on the work programme under the framework for non-market approaches SBI informal consultations on a public registry referred to in Paris Agreement Article 7.12 (adaptation communication) SBSTA informal consultations on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions Informal consultations on APA agenda item 4, further guidance on adaptation communication SBI informal consultations on capacity building under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol SBI informal consultations on administrative, financial and institutional matters APA Stocktake Delegates gather for the APA Stocktake APA Co-Chair Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand, and Co-Facilitator for agenda item 8 - other matters Beth Lavender, Canada, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 4 - adaptation communication Richard Muyungi, Tanzania, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 6 - global stocktake Gertraud Wollansky, Austria, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 3 - mitigation section Andrew Rakestraw, US, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 5 - transparency framework María del Pilar Bueno, Argentina, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 8 - further matters, Adaptation Fund Peter Horne, Australia, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 7 - committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance Walter Schuldt Espinel, Ecuador, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Gebru Jember, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Franz Perrez, Switzerland, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Raed Albasseet, Saudi Arabia, speaking on behalf of the Arab Group Nicole Wilke, EU Xolisa Ngwadla, South Africa, speaking on behalf of the African Group Liang Pei, China Civil Society Demonstrations throughout the Day Members of civil society demonstrate outside the venue, calling for an end to the funding of fossil fuels Members of civil society call on delegates to 'step up' their commitment to intergenerational issues to ensure the protection of future generations Delegates join members of the Korean Youth Delegation to light their 'triple C' - climate change candles - to serve as an annual reminder for their commitment to climate action Around the Venue Delegates speak informally between sessions Delegates wait for the APA stocktake to begin Delegates speak while waiting for informal consultations Anna Schulz, Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) A delegate reads the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) website to keep track of negotiations Delegates around the venue Around the Bonn Zone

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services On Thursday, 9 November 2017: Building Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Vulnerable Islands Hacking Climate Change: The Digital Future of Climate Leadership, Innovation and Impact Nature-Based Solutions for Water and Adaptation to Climate Change Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in Countries: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives Harnessing Africa’s Emerging Youth Demographic for a Climate Resilient Future Enhancing the Resilience of Forests and Ecosystems to Achieve the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of Latin America Closing Knowledge Gaps to scale up Adaptation: Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative (LAKI) IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) Meeting Coverage, will provide daily web coverage from selected side events at the UN Climate Change Conference - November 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada and Herman Njoroge Chege For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Building Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Vulnerable IslandsPresented by Solomon Islands and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) In this side event, panelists explored issues relating to DRR, climate change adaptation and building resilience in small island developing states (SIDS), through sharing experiences between the Solomon Islands and Taiwan. Chien-Te Fan, National Tsing Hua University, moderated the panel. Melchior Mataki, Solomon Islands, noted lack of clear definitions of resilience, DRR and adaptation, saying that stakeholder groups conceptualized them differently. He emphasized the difficulty of separating development issues from climate adaptation and DRR in proving additionality for climate finance. Calling for “whole-of-government” and “whole-of-society” approaches, he said that partnerships and appropriate legislative and policy frameworks are indispensable to building resilience. He underscored the need to separate DRR from disaster management in policymaking, and reported on measures taken in his country and its associated challenges, including competing national priorities and lack of capacity, technology and financial resources. Robert Yie-Zu Hu, ITRI, introduced his organization’s work on technology for renewable energy, energy efficiency and storage, the environment and smart buildings. He outlined Taiwan’s energy targets, including zero nuclear energy by 2030 and 20% renewable energy by 2025, saying that this is “not an easy job.” He explained Taiwan’s development strategies for solar and wind energy and noted innovations in: energy storage, which he said is a solution for variable and unpredictable renewable energy output; air-conditioning systems; and dye sensitized cells, which he said can generate solar energy in very low light. Ming-Dean Cheng, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, presented on the Solomon Islands Synergistic Analysis for the Environment (SoSAFE), an early warning system for extreme weather events and earthquakes in the Solomon Islands. He said SoSAFE relies on automatic weather data stations, which collect good quality data despite a significant information gap. He also outlined a project to predict epidemics of dengue fever. Mei-Yu Chang, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, presenting on disaster response and risk management in her country, outlined an increase in extreme weather events in Taiwan over the last decade, including tropical cyclones, flooding, droughts, landslides and typhoons. She said Taiwan has high exposure and vulnerability to natural disasters due to its concentrated urban population, increasing elderly population and complex geographical factors. Outlining Taiwan’s central emergency response system, she shared examples of its applications that provide flood warnings, produce hazard maps for landslides, communicate information to the public, and evacuate houses during typhoons. L-R: Chien-Te Fan, National Tsing Hua University; Melchior Mataki, the Solomon Islands; Robert Yie-Zu Hu, ITRI; Ming-Dean Cheng, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan; and Mei-Yu Chang, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan Robert Yie-Zu Hu, ITRI, spoke about his organization’s experience in international solar energy development. Melchior Mataki, Solomon Islands, shared experiences from his country’s work in building resilience to climate change and DRR. Ming-Dean Cheng, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, said the Solomon Islands faces threats from earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, and flooding.   Mei-Yu Chang, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, highlighted lessons learned from her country’s disaster early warning system.             Contact: Chanel Iroi (Solomon Islands) | c.iroi@met.gov.sb Wen-Cheng Hu (ITRI) | vincenthu@itri.org.tw More Information: https://www.itri.org.tw/ Hacking Climate Change: The Digital Future of Climate Leadership, Innovation and ImpactPresented by Microsoft and the South Pole Group This event, moderated by David Wei, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), focused on new technological innovations, and the leadership and regulation required to maximize opportunities for growth in the digital and telecommunications sector. Wei said the time has arrived for putting the pledges and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) into implementable strategies that will inspire future enhancement of innovation. Ingo Puhl, South Pole Group, gave the example of horse manure crisis in the 19th century in New York City, which became irrelevant in the 20th century due to transport innovation, to suggest that innovation is driven primarily by technological desirability, such as electric cars and smartphones. Victor Gancel, Climate-KIC, presented the objectives behind city-wide atmospheric monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) assessments piloted in Paris, Rotterdam and Recife, including to: enable comparability and consistency in greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories; combine bottom-up inventories with GHG concentration measurements; and enable more accurate inventories that are updated more frequently. Leonie Klaas, Telefónica Germany NEXT GmbH, described her organization’s strategies to use anonymous communication data to provide information about modes of transportation and thus calculate specific emission factors for each mode. She said the value of this technology is that it can track GHG emission levels hourly, enables cities to identify “emission hot spots,” and provides comparatively rapid sources of data on air pollution. Jan-Willem van der Veen, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), outlined lessons from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), including that it should respond with payment in a timely manner and calculate the cost of monitoring appropriately. He lamented that negotiators are often not aware of the smart technologies available and tend to work within a rule-based environment where little space for innovation exists. Michelle Patron, Microsoft, spoke about the potential of new technological innovations to empower people in remote areas to improve their livelihoods and knowledge. She suggested new innovation, paired with human ingenuity, has unlimited potential in the current era of digital transformation to address resource deficiencies and impacts on the planet. Panelists responded to questions from the floor on the role of the private sector and the ethics behind technological innovations, with Patron stressing the need to talk to local communities before making big decisions. L-R: David Wei, BSR; Victor Gancel, Climate-KIC; Michelle Patron, Microsoft; Jan-Willem van der Veen, EBRD; Ingo Puhl, South Pole Group; and Leonie Klaas, Telefónica Germany NEXT GmbH Jan-Willem van der Veen, EBRD, urged accelerating information technology tools that can speed up financial application processes. Michelle Patron, Microsoft, challenged participants to “think beyond their own four walls” and imagine the development possible in the digital transformation era. Moderator David Wei, BSR, stressed the importance of using technology to implement the Paris Agreement. Leonie Klaas, Telefónica Germany NEXT GmbH, emphasized the need for developing technologies that can assist cities to address and take effective action against air pollution and carbon emissions. Ingo Puhl, South Pole Group, called for policies to foster faster adoption of new technologies that address climate challenges. Victor Gancel, Climate-KIC, envisaged development of a global MRV map of emissions in the next decade. Contact: Michelle Lancaster (Microsoft) | milanca@microsoft.com More Information: www.microsoft.com/citizenship www.southpole.com Nature-Based Solutions for Water and Adaptation to Climate ChangePresented by the French Water Partnership (FWP) and the International Network of Basin Organizations (INBO) This session, moderated by Maylis Castaignet, Seine Normandy Partnership, centered on the role of nature-based solutions for water and adaptation to climate change focusing on the interlinkages of water, biodiversity and climate change. Jean Launay, President, French Water Partnership, recalled the UN resolution establishing the ‘International Decade for Action, Water for Sustainable Development 2018-2028’ in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) which, inter alia, addresses integrated management of water resources. He noted the strategic importance of 2018, when the Decade will start. In a keynote speech, James Dalton, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), spoke on the work of his organization related to nature-based solutions. He said that for over 70 years, IUCN has been committed to protecting the environment and stressed the human dependency on healthy ecosystems. Dalton noted major transboundary benefits of functional habitats and recalled that water is not mentioned in the Paris Agreement, suggesting COP 23 focus more on this issue. He added that policy frameworks exist but poor communication and institutional weaknesses remain key challenges for mainstreaming solutions on sustainable development. Aurélie Lhume, UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), highlighted the links between the SDGs, water and land protection. She defended multisector approaches to tackle water issues, saying that political reforms to improve water management are urgently needed. Lhume concluded that the water deficit requires political will and larger investments from all countries. On land degradation and drought, she said that the UNCCD is developing new tools to support parties to identify implementation gaps. Tobias Salathé, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, spoke on tools to protect wetlands, saying that they were identified as vulnerable areas in the 1960s. He stressed that, since 1971, the world loses 1% of wetlands yearly, emphasizing the importance of wetlands as carbon sinks and water reservoirs. Jean-Luc François, French Development Agency (AFD), highlighted the economic trajectory of our societies, which has affected nature dangerously, and called for reviewing economic and investment models to reverse the current unsuitable patterns of development. He emphasized the role of development agencies to positively influence more sustainable development patterns. Adama Doulkom, Great Green Wall Initiative for the Sahara and the Sahel (IGMVSS), Burkina Faso, provided the background of his initiative, noting the similarities between the challenges faced by countries suffering from drought. He explained that the exchange of best practices among IGMVSS member countries stimulated regional solutions, noting productivity gains after ecosystems were restored. He called for better synergies in Africa and recommended focusing on better practices regarding tenure security. During concluding remarks, Jean-François Donzier, Executive Secretary, Alliance for Global Water Adaptation (Alliance4Water), called on the audience to “act” and declared that mobilization and implementation of known solutions is the most important response to dangerous nature degradation. He closed the meeting, inviting participants to sign the International Declaration on “Nature-Based Solutions for Water Management Under Climate Change,” to be presented on 10 November at COP 23. In the ensuing debate, participants discussed, inter alia, traditional knowledge and the role of farmers in the promotion of nature-based solutions; methods to share best practices; and links between oceans and climate change. L-R: Maylis Castaignet, Seine Normandy Partnership; Jean Launay, President, FWP; Aurélie Lhume, UNCCD; Jean-Luc François, AFD; and Tobias Salathe, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands James Dalton, IUCN, underscored the need to translate natural solutions into engineering actions. Jean-Luc François, AFD, said nature is a victim of our current development models. Maylis Castaignet, Seine Normandy Partnership, moderated the session. Adama Doulkom, IGMVSS, noted high costs of climate inaction for vulnerable countries. Aurélie Lhume, UNCCD, noted agroforestry and restoration of basins as valuable nature-based solutions. Contact: Edouard Boinet (INBO) | e.boinet@inbo-news.org Solène Fabrèges (FWP) | solene.fabreges@partenariat-francais-eau.fr More Information: www.riob.org www.partenariat-francais-eau.fr Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in Countries: Progress, Challenges and PerspectivesPresented by Comité Permanent Inter-états de Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel (CILSS); Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF/IFDD), and Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) In this side event, panelists explored the implementation of NDCs in francophone Africa subregions. Kamal Djemouai, African Group of Negotiations (AGN), and Stéphane Pouffary, ENERGIES 2050 co-moderated the session. Djemouai, introduced the event and called for realistic action to mitigate climate change for future generations.  Abdallah Boureima, UEMOA, explained the relationship between his organization and ECOWAS in the West African region, including in working towards NDC development and implementation. He highlighted initiatives developed through international cooperation, including: addressing vulnerability in agriculture; controlling erosion; forest management; and energy development. He noted that these target rural individuals, who feel the effects of climate change daily. Djimé Adoum, CILSS, referring to the Paris Agreement as a base for climate action, added that consensus and harmonized views were also necessary. He called for dialogue among experts, particularly on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, and added that finance is necessary to ensure effective action. Urging for better techniques to adapt to climate change, he drew attention to those created by his organization that would be of use to member states in their NDCs, such as a mapping tool to design and plan good land management. Bernard Dubois, IFDD, highlighted the role of his organization in supporting countries within francophone Africa to implement their NDCs. Noting country-specificities, he called for data, financial support and capacity building to address gaps, in order to implement NDCs. He urged for French to become a more widely-used working language in negotiations. During the discussion, panelists engaged in a dialogue on: financial mechanisms necessary to implement NDCs; key actors and actions in long-term strategies; energy alternatives in Africa; the future trajectory of capacity building in francophone West Africa; and how West African countries that already have national action plans can be an example for the others. Hussein Alfa Nafo, Chair of AGN, closed the session, and called for a strategy to synergize experience sharing within West Africa and abroad. Kamal Djemouai, AGN, said “we need to move together and act quickly.” Bernard Dubois, IFDD, said “we can go further in providing capacity building to break down language barriers.” Abdallah Boureima, UEMOA, explained “we must help West African states in the negotiation process to defend the interests of the region.” Stéphane Pouffary, ENERGIES 2050, posed questions to the panelists on financial mechanisms and long-term strategies to NDCs. Audience members lean in to the discussion. Contact: Arona Soumare (IFDD) | arona.soumare@francophonie.org More Information: www.ifdd.francophonie.org Harnessing Africa’s Emerging Youth Demographic for a Climate Resilient FuturePresented by South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) In this side event, panelists explored the role and potential of African youth in addressing climate change. Sylvia Namukasa, Kirinda Youth Environmental Management and Poverty Alleviation Program (KYEMPAPU), Uganda, moderated the panel. Ditebogo Lebea, SAIIA, said that 65% of Africa’s population are children and youth aged 24 or younger, and that by 2030 a third of the global population will be African. She called for greater African youth participation in UNFCCC processes, saying that the COP is making decisions about African youth without them being present, and noted intersections between climate change, education and health in South Africa. Awa Njie, University of the Gambia, noted climate impacts on her country, including adverse effects on subsistence agriculture and biodiversity. She called for increased youth participation in decision-making, noting in particular the need for capacity-building programs to empower the youth, increased funding for Global South youth delegates, and a seat at the table rather than observer status. Maureen Sigauke, Green Active Citizens, called for harnessing the youth demographic to achieve a climate-resilient future for Africa. Sharing her organization’s experiences in participating in the formulation of national climate policy, she said that all governments should bring young people to the table on climate change decision-making. She noted challenges for youth engagement, including the mobility of African youth and the need for climate finance; and called for increased collaboration amongst the youth and fulfilment of climate finance pledges. Katia Mahery Rakotonirina, Maharitra, presented on youth projects in Madagascar, including on plastic bag use, biogas renewable energy, a zero-waste festival, and a climate change conference. She noted barriers such as a lack of youth interest, the need for capacity building, and a lack of coordination between youth groups in different parts of the country. She suggested developing a networking platform for youth in her country. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF, highlighted the need to include youth in climate solutions, saying that “we are working for the next generation.” He called for: “connecting the dots” between climate change and other environmental and social issues; making the adaptation agenda more relevant; and developing better adaptation indicators. L-R: Awa Njie, University of the Gambia; Ditebogo Lebea, SAIIA; and Sylvia Namukasa, KYEMPAPU, Uganda Sylvia Namukasa, KYEMPAPU, highlighted the benefits of African youth participation in climate action. Participants asked questions during the event Awa Njie, University of the Gambia, Gambia, said African youth "are vital and we serve as a catalyst in combatting climate change.”     Maureen Sigauke, Green Active Citizens, said African youth have the “ideas, drive, and potential” to address climate change. L-R: Katia Mahery Rakotonirina, ONG Maharitra; Maureen Sigauke, Green Active Citizens; Awa Njie, University of the Gambia; Ditebogo Lebea, SAIIA; and Sylvia Namukasa, KYEMPAPU, Uganda Contact: Durrel Halleson (WWF) | dhalleson@wwfcam.org More Information: www.panda.org Enhancing the Resilience of Forests and Ecosystems to Achieve the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of Latin AmericaPresented by EUROCLIMA+, funded by the EU This session, moderated by Roberto Canessa, EUROCLIMA+, focused on the relevance of climate-resilient forests, ecosystems and local communities’ livelihoods in the context of NDC implementation in Latin America. Jolita Butkeviciene, European Commission, noted the cooperation between the EU and Latin America on forests, highlighting European financial support of climate action. She said EUR80 million, with contributions by the French and German governments, are dedicated to support NDCs in Latin America, adding that 16 NDCs in this region include forestry. Martin Kipping, German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), noted the German contribution of EUR2 billion to ongoing forest projects worldwide, highlighting the Amazon basin as the most relevant recipient region. He emphasized the need to merge climate and development policies, and encouraged multi-stakeholder engagement at the country level. María Victoria Chiriboga, Ecuador, emphasized her country’s strategies to tackle deforestation, noting the creation of refined environmental and social safeguards. She called for the integration of mitigation and adaptation measures into one single strategy, lamenting the excess of attention paid to mitigation only. She praised the significant “voices” of Latin American countries within the EUROCLIMA+ decision-making bodies, calling them a model of governance for international cooperation. Andrés Ixim Pop, representing an indigenous organization from Petén, Guatemala, recalled the trajectory of the Maya people, saying the causes of deforestation in his country largely relate to intensive agriculture. He recalled the spiritual values of biodiversity and lamented that asymmetries in power relations continue to promote nature degradation.  Orlando Garner, Honduras, recalled the devastating effects of hurricanes and added that 2015-2016 marked a period of extreme droughts in his country. He noted that this problem caused a six-fold increase in beetles, which destroyed about one-quarter of the country's primary forest cover. He called for investments in youth environmental education to ensure long-term sustainable development strategies. Nicolas Chenet, Expertise France, announced a project of EUR7 million selecting reforestation projects in Latin America under the EUROCLIMA+ programme, including innovation, replicability, inclusiveness, and synergies between local and national policies, as well as local communities’ involvement and co-financing at a rate higher than 20%.   In the ensuing discussion, participants discussed, inter alia, the role of civil society in NDC implementation; financial barriers for reforestation; land rights of indigenous peoples; contradictions between local and national policies; and environmental literacy. L-R: Orlando Garner, Honduras; Nicolas Chenet, Expertise France; Martin Kipping, BMZ; Jolita Butkeviciene, European Commission; María Victoria Chiriboga, Ecuador; and Andrés Ixim Pop, representing an indigenous organization from Petén, Guatemala Roberto Canessa, EUROCLIMA+, moderated the session. María Victoria Chiriboga, Ecuador, explained that deforestation reductions of only 1,49% can already make a difference in terms of greenhouse gas reductions. Orlando Garner, Honduras, recalled the devastating effects of plagues in Honduras’ forests following extreme droughts.   Contact: Roberto Canessa (EUROCLIMA+) | roberto.canessa@euroclima.org More Information: www.euroclima.org   Closing Knowledge Gaps to scale up Adaptation: Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative (LAKI)Presented by UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat and UN Environment In this side event, moderated by Musonda Mumba, UN Environment, panelists discussed using LAKI to close adaptation gaps. Youssef Nassef, UNFCCC Secretariat, introduced the session and the LAKI, which is designed to address knowledge gaps impeding the successful scaling up of adaptation, and is applied at the subregional level. Barney Dickson, UN Environment, noted that his organization, launched its third Adaptation Gap Report on measuring adaptation gaps, which he explained, must be narrowed. In regards to implementing LAKI, he noted good practices, including the partnership between his organization and the UNFCCC Secretariat, working at the subregional level, and engaging with local partners. In terms of areas for improvement, he highlighted a need to catalyze action to fill the gaps, and to address this, he suggested linking LAKI to National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). Bhaskar Singh Karky, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), shared his organization’s experience implementing LAKI in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region. In observing that national data does not always reflect the entire country, he noted that LAKI facilitated the identification of challenges through its subregional approach. He emphasized the need for a multi-stakeholder approach in addressing climate adaptation. Julia Barrott, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), explained that her organization can fill knowledge gaps through capacity building and technical support, including through its tools. She highlighted weADAPT, which is an open global online knowledge sharing platform that supports actionable and peer-to-peer learning. She said that LAKI is a starting point to identify improvements, noting that lack of access to existing tools is the main problem, not lack of capacity. Dhanush Dinesh, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), noted that his organization can add value as a research institute, particularly through cross-cutting research initiatives such as the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. He explained that it engages with multiple UNFCCC processes, including through supplementing technical guidelines of NAPs and nationally determined contributions (NDCs). He urged addressing gender barriers in accessing climate information. Jason Spensley, Green Climate Fund (GCF), highlighted lessons learned from an NAP development financing initiative led by his organization. He noted good practices from its application process, and called on parties to specify knowledge gaps first in order to develop plans to address them. He underscored that tools and technology are barriers to unlocking adaptation financing. Jian Liu, UN Environment, referred to the World Adaptation Science Programme (PROVIA) led by his organization, which works with the research community to fill knowledge gaps in adaptation, and work for people on the ground and at the policy level. He explained that communication is key, particularly in translating technical information to practitioners and decision-makers. During the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others: the potential to use an ecosystem-based rather than a subregional approach, and to focus on climatic hotspots, such as semi-arid lands and river deltas; the role of traditional knowledge in LAKI; capitalizing on existing local capacities; using agriculture extension officers as change agents; specific tools or challenges to disseminate knowledge; the role of social science in adaptation; and how LAKI examines political economy across subregions. L-R: Jian Liu, UN Environment; Dhanush Dinesh, CGIAR; Musonda Mumba, UN Environment; Julia Barrott, SEI; Jason Spensley, GCF; and Bhaskar Singh Karky, ICIMOD Jian Liu, UN Environment, said we need to bridge the science policy interface and make it work for the people. Julia Barrott, SEI, said her organization can fill gaps in adaptation knowledge. Participants used sli.do, an online platform, to pose questions to the panel. Dhanush Dinesh, CGIAR, said there are gender barriers to accessing climate information. Musonda Mumba, UN Environment, encouraged panelists to discuss the opportunities and challenges of closing knowledge gaps in adaptation. Contact: Rojina Manandhar (UNFCCC Secretariat) | rmanandhar@unfccc.int  More Information: www.unfccc.int/2860.php www.web.unep.org/ Around the Venue         About | 6 Nov | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 13 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © enb@iisd.org is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Suzi Malan, Nicole de Paula, Ph.D., Kelly Sharp, and Natalie Jones. The Digital Editor is Ángeles Estrada. The Editor is Leila Mead leila@iisd.org. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI kimo@iisd.org. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at kimo@iisd.org. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the UN Climate Change Conference 2017, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop23/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the the UN Climate Change Conference 2017, can be contacted by e-mail at suzi@iisd.org.

The Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Wednesday. In the morning, the Presidency convened an open dialogue among NGO constituency representatives and parties, and a technical workshop on ways to increase the efficiency and transparency of the budget process met. Informal consultations under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), and the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) throughout the day. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference 2017. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. The Presidency's Open Dialogue between UNFCCC NGO Constituency Representatives and Parties View of the dais during the session Frank Bainimarama, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 President UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Lucas Di Pietro, Argentina Anabella Rosemberg, Trade Union NGOs (TUNGOs) Archie Young, UK Ceris Jones, Farmers Juan Carlos Arredondo Brun, Mexico Yungratna Srivastava, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Deo Saran, Fiji Facilitators Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, Fiji, and Benito Müller, Oxford Climate Policy Brendina Drollet, Cook Islands Paul Oquist Kelley, Nicaragua Yunus Arikan, Local Governments and Municipal Authorities (LGMAs) Shradha Shreejaya, Women and Gender Naoyuki Yamagishi, Environmental NGOs (ENGOs) View of the room during the session Contact Groups and Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on APA agenda item 3, further guidance in relation to the mitigation section of the Paris outcome Delegates gather for the informal consultations on APA agenda item 7, modalities and procedures for the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance SBI informal consultations on coordination of support for the implementation of activities in relation to mitigation actions in the forest sector by developing countries Informal consultations on APA agenda item 4, further guidance on adaptation communication SBSTA informal consultations on local communities and indigenous peoples platform Informal consultations on APA agenda item 6, matters relating to the global stocktake Civil Society Action Members of civil society demonstrate outside the conference area Around the Venue UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa, and Nazhat Shameem Khan, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 Presidency Frank Bainimarama, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 President, and Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, Fiji Lorena Aguilar, Costa Rica (centre) Hoesung Lee, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Chair (centre) Kava, a traditional Fijian drink, is available at the venue

The Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Tuesday. In the morning, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) resumed its first session in an opening plenary, and met in a contact group for all substantive agenda items. The plenaries for the Conference of the Parties (COP) and Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) resumed in the afternoon. Throughout the day, the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) contact groups and informal consultations and APA informal consultations convened. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference 2017. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. APA Opening Plenary Delegates gather for the APA opening plenary APA Co-Chairs Jo Tyndall, New Zealand, and Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Helmut Hojesky, Austria, COP 23 Vice-President Delegates applaud the re-election of the APA Co-Chairs Walter Schuldt Espinel, Ecuador, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Franz Perrez, Switzerland, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Patrick Suckling, Australia, on behalf of the Umbrella Group Gebru Jember, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia Meelis Münt, EU Hussein Alfa Nafo, Mali, speaking on behalf of the African Group Amjad Abdulla, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Xiandi Ooi, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Majda Dabaghi, Business NGOs (BINGOs) Tianyang Zhou, Women and Gender APA Contact Group Delegates during the APA contact group Ravi Prasad, India Liang Pei, China APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand APA family photo Civil Society Actions throughout the Day Representatives from Friends of the Earth call for an end to 'dirty energy' Representatives of the Women and Gender constituency conduct an aerobics class to remind COP 23 delegates to metaphorically 'mind the gap' of gender inequality, and 'reach' for a gender action plan Contact Groups and Informal Consultations throughout the Day SBI informal consultations on National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) Delegates sit on the floor as rooms are filled to capacity SBSTA informal consultations on issues relating to agriculture SBI/SBSTA contact group on the impact of the implementation of response measures SBI contact group on administrative, financial and institutional matters COP Plenary View of the dais during the COP plenary Frank Bainimarama, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 President Nazhat Shameem Khan, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 Presidency Ewen McDonald, Co-Chair, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Chizuru Aoki, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Georg Børsting, Co-Chair, Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) Paweł Sałek, Secretary of State, Government Plenipotentiary for Climate Policy, Poland Nedal Katbeh-Bader, State of Palestine CMP Plenary View of the dais during the CMP plenary Frank Wolke, Chair, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Executive Board (EB) Gherghita Nicodim, Vice Chair, Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee (JISC) Gerhard Loibl, Co-Chair, Compliance Committee Victor Vinas, Vice Chair, Adaptation Fund Board (AFB) Around the Venue Delegates from Poland Marcela Main Sancha, Secretary to the COP/CMP, UNFCCC, speaks with Nazhat Shameem Khan, COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2 Presidency Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1 President, speaks with delegates from Morocco Hayrapet Hakobyan, Armenia Delegates read the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) to keep track of negotiations Delegates between sessions

The twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) resumed on Tuesday, 24 October. The Committee of the Whole (CoW) continued its work in the morning. Participants heard reports from the working groups, and addressed agenda items on: options for a review process for the Convention; implementation of the concerted action process; national reports; national legislation to implement CMS; and terrestrial conservation issues. In the afternoon, participants resumed their consideration of terrestrial, aquatic, and avian conservation issues. In a brief ceremony, Sri Lanka, Benin and Brazil signed the MoU on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks (the Sharks MoU). They became the 44th, 45th and 46th signatories, respectively. WWF became the tenth Cooperating Partner to the Sharks MoU. Burkina Faso became the 58th signatory of the MoU on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU). The Peregrine Fund became the fifth Cooperating Partner to the Raptors MoU. IIISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the CMS COP12. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Franz Dejon For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Committee of the Whole (CoW) L-R: Bert Lenten, CMS Deputy Executive Secretary; Melanie Virtue, CMS Secretariat; Rod Hay, CoW Chair; and Bradnee Chambers, CMS Executive Secretary Rod Hay, CoW Chair Marcel Calvar, Chair of the Credentials Committee Øystein Størkersen, Chair of the Budget Committee Alfred Oteng-Yeboah, Chair of the Terrestrial Working Group Barry Baker, Chair of the Aquatic Working Group L-R: Elizabeth Mrema, UN Environment; Bradnee Chambers, CMS Executive Secretary; and Francisco Rilla, UN Environment Chris Wold, CMS Secretariat Heidi Frisch-Nwakanma, CMS Secretariat Marku Lamp, Estonia, on behalf of the EU and its 28 Member States Susan Lieberman, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Siddhanta Das, India Jonas Leones, the Philippines Ndeye Sene Thiam, Senegal James Njogu, Kenya Roberto Bosch, Argentina Germaine Ouedraogo Bouda, Burkina Faso Hany Muhammed Ali Tatwany, Saudi Arabia Sarah Ferriss, International Whaling Commission Nicolas Entrup, OceanCare Florence Descroix-Comanducci, ACCOBAMS Executive Secretary Signing of the MoU on Sharks CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with Gamini Jayawickrama Perera, Minister of Sustainable Development and Wildlife, Sri Lanka CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with José Pedro de Oliveira Costa, National Secretary for Biodiversity, Brazil CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with Aristide Comlan Tehou, Benin CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with Colman O' Criodain, WWF Signing of the MoU on Raptors CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with Germaine Ouedraogo Bouda, Burkina Faso CMS Executive Secretary Chambers with Munir Virani, The Peregrine Fund Terrestrial Species Working Group View of the Terrestrial Species Working Group, chaired by Alfred Oteng-Yeboah CMS COP12 Snapshots Youth particpants encouraging delegates to save marine species Local COP12 participants pose with Mundita Lim (center), Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Philippines "Beyond Eyes" photo exhibition and competition on nature photography Participants at the "Beyond Eyes" photo exhibition Philippine booth at COP12

On Thursday, CFS 44 delegates discussed the response to the independent evaluation of CFS and policy convergence on urbanization, rural transformation and implications for food security and nutrition. In the morning, Angela Bester, World Health Organization (WHO) and CFS Evaluation Manager, presented the main findings and recommendations from the evaluation, noting its usefulness in generating insights on multi-stakeholder collaboration. She highlighted several findings, including: the tenuous linkages at regional and national levels; low awareness of the Global Strategic Framework; limited dissemination of reports and products, except for the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT); and the need to clarify CFS’s role at the international and national level. Participants discussed, among other issues: the roles and procedures of the CFS Bureau and its Advisory Group; funding and resource mobilization; inclusion of Youth; focus of CFS work and its intersessional processes; and the need to enhance the visibility of CFS and its products. In the afternoon, Hans Hoogeveen, Chair of the Open-ended Working Group on urbanization, rural transformation and implications for food security and nutrition, presented progress towards the development of policy convergence. Many members supported further intersessional work based on a multi-sectoral approach, with several focusing on the impact of urban-rural dynamics on low-income groups, women and youth. Hoogeveen then moderated an interactive panel discussion on measures to address food security in the context of urbanization and rural transformation, including: realizing opportunities in rural areas from urbanization, such as increasing demand for food; urban farming; and reducing food waste. IIISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web updates from CFS 44. In addition, IISD Reporting Services has published a summary report of CFS 44 which is available in HTML and PDF. Response to the Independent Evaluation of CFS The dais during the discussion on the response to the independent evaluation of CFS. L-R: Khaled El Taweel (Egypt) and Jón Erlingur (Iceland), Evaluation Co-facilitators; Amira Gornass, CFS Chair ©FAO Jón Erlingur (Iceland), Evaluation Co-facilitator ©FAO Khaled El Taweel (Egypt), Evaluation Co-facilitator ©FAO Delegate from Cameroon ©FAO Delegate from Brazil ©FAO CSM Representative ©FAO Representative of the World Farmers’ Organization ©FAO Urbanization, Rural Transformation and Implications for Food Security and Nutrition The dais during the discussion on Rural Transformation and Implications for Food Security and Nutrition. L-R: Hans Hoogeveen, Netherlands; Amira Gornass, CFS Chair; Deborah Fulton, CFS Secretary ©FAO Hans Hoogeveen moderated an interactive session on Rural Transformation and Implications for Food Security and Nutrition. ©FAO Marco Sanchez Cantillo, Agricultural Development Economics Division, FAO ©FAO Nono Dimakatso Sekhoto, Farmer, South Africa ©FAO HRH Princess Viktória de Bourbon de Parme, the Netherlands ©FAO Side Event: Trade, Investment and Food Security: Designing Rules for Sustainable Food Systems ©FAO ©FAO ©FAO Side Event: Launch of the report ‘Climate Smart Agriculture - Building Resilience to Climate Change’ ©FAO ©FAO ©FAO