Youth

On Friday, the sixty-ninth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES SC69) convened for its final day in snowy Geneva. In the morning, delegates caught up on outstanding agenda items, and considered in-session documents in the afternoon. National Ivory Action Plans (NIAPs), pangolins and timber species from Madagascar stirred lengthy discussions. Kuwait requested the deferral of a decision on the NIAP process for Qatar until SC70, but despite having presented an information document on its efforts, the Standing Committee (SC) nonetheless requested it continue in the NIAP process. The discussion on pangolins focused on issues related to the treatment of specimens, including stockpiles, obtained by parties prior to their listing in Appendix I. A recommendation that all pangolin specimens, regardless of the timing of their acquisition, be regulated as Appendix I specimens in accordance with Article III of the Convention until further consideration by CoP18, led to the entire report being put to a vote. The recommendation was adopted by a majority decision of the SC, with China, Russian Federation and Kuwait voting against the proposal. On timber, the SC agreed to maintain the recommendation for parties not to accept exports or re-exports for commercial purposes from Madagascar of specimens of Diospyros spp. and Dalbergia spp. SC69 was gaveled to a close at 6:20 pm, with delegates giving SC Chair Carolina Caceres a standing ovation and praising her “steely resolve” as well as the hard work of the CITES Secretariat. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, and a summary and analysis report from the 69th Meeting of the CITES Standing Committee. The summary and analysis is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Morning Plenary John Scanlon, Secretary-General, CITES, on the dais during morning plenary Carolina Caceres, Standing Committee (SC) Chair, Canada Yap Him Hoo, Singapore Sai-ping Kwan, China Claudio Juli Lepe, Chile José Funes, Mexico João Loureiro, Portugal Claude Schenker, Switzerland Julia Phillips, Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) Julie Sherman, Wildlife Justice Commission Ben Janse van Rensburg, CITES Secretariat Debabrata Swain, India Ali Laouel Abbagana, Niger Matt Collis, International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) Mpho Tjiane, South Africa Josephine Crouch, Youth for Wildlife Avinash Basker, Global Tiger Forum (GTF) Afternoon Plenary Family photo of the CITES Secretariat Øystein Størkersen, Norway, Chair of the Finance and Budget Subcommittee (FBSC) Rod Hay, New Zealand Gaël De Rotalier, EU Elly Hamunyela, Namibia Sofie Flensborg, CITES Secretariat Shereefa Al-Salem, Kuwait Ana Silvia Morales, Guatemala Members of the SC vote to adopt the entire set of recommendations included in the report of the Pangolin in-session Working Group Madangah Ngamgassou, Chad Bandar Ibrahim Al-Faleh, Saudi Arabia Anton Mezhnev, Russian Federation Bill Clark, Israel Sheldon Jordan, Canada Bénédicte Johanita Ndahimananjara, Minister of Environment, Ecology and Forests, Madagascar Aurélie Flore Koumba Pambo, Gabon Delegates from India present a gift to Carolina Caceres, Standing Committee (SC) Chair, Canada, and John Scanlon, Secretary-General, CITES, in thanks for their hard work over the week Carolina Caceres, Standing Committee (SC) Chair, Canada, gavels the meeting to a close Around the Venue Jonathan Barzdo, Deputy Secretary General, Ramsar Convention Delegates from Indonesia Delegates from Madagascar Delegates from Spain Delegates from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Delegates from the EU Delegates from Kenya Delegates from Mozambique and Mexico Delegates from South Africa Delegates between sessions John Scanlon, Secretary-General, CITES, with the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) team covering CITES SC69: Kate Neville, Canada, Kate Harris, Canada, Tanya Rosen, Italy/US, and Kiara Worth, South Africa First snowfall of the year in Geneva

The High-Level Segment (HLS) of the twenty-ninth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP 29) and the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention (COP 11) opened on Thursday, 23 November 2017, in Montreal, Canada. In the morning, plenary heard statements from dignitaries, watched a cultural performance, and took part in a ministerial roundtable entitled “Montreal Protocol at 30—Identifying Future Opportunities and Priorities.” Plenary reconvened in the afternoon and delegates took part in a science panel entitled “The Scientific Foundation of the Montreal Protocol: Past, Present and Future.” They then heard statements from heads of delegation. The Budget Committee, the contact groups on data reporting, energy efficiency, and the Multilateral Fund (MLF) Replenishment, as well as the informal discussions on safety standards and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) not listed in Annex F met during the course of the day. In the evening, delegates were invited to attend the Ozone Awards Ceremony, honoring those who have demonstrated extraordinary commitment and contribution to the progress and achievements of the Montreal Protocol over the past 10 years. A reception, hosted by the Government of Canada and the Ozone Secretariat, was held thereafter. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from COP 11/MOP 29. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Francis Dejon For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. High-Level Segment L-R: Tina Birmpili, Executive Secretary, Ozone Secretariat; Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada; Sydney Alexander Samuels Milson, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Guatemala and COP 10 President; Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda and MOP 28 President; Erik Solheim, Executive Director, UN Environment; and Megumi Seki, Deputy Executive Secretary, Ozone Secretariat Sydney Alexander Samuels Milson, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Guatemala and COP 10 President Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda and MOP 28 President Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada Erik Solheim, Executive Director, UN Environment L-R: Gilbert Bankobeza, Ozone Secretariat; Tina Birmpili, Executive Secretary, Ozone Secretariat; Marc D'Iorio, Canada, COP 11 President; Yaqoub Almatouq, Kuwait, MOP 29 President; and Megumi Seki, Deputy Executive Secretary, Ozone Secretariat; Marc D'Iorio, Canada, COP 11 President Yaqoub Almatouq, Kuwait, MOP 29 President Peter Christian, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) L-R: Khachik Hakobyan, Deputy Minister of Nature Protection, Armenia; Meelis Münt, Deputy Minister of Environment, Estonia; Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda; Sydney Alexander Samuels Milson, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Guatemala; Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada; Leyla Acaroglu, UN Environment Champion of the Earth 2016 and Moderator; Abdulla Ziyad, Minister of State, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives; Zoila González de Gutíerrez, Deputy Minister of Environment, Dominican Republic; C. K. Mishra, Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, India; Erik Solheim, Executive Director, UN Environment Meelis Münt, Deputy Minister of Environment, Estonia Zoila González de Gutíerrez, Deputy Minister of Environment, Dominican Republic Abdulla Ziyad, Minister of State, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives C. K. Mishra, Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, India Kael Knechtel, Youth Representative, Canada Xavier Sticker, Ambassador for the Environment, France Science Panel on Ozone Layer Depletion and Recovery Mona Nemer, Chief Science Advisor, Canada L-R: Vitali Fioletov, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Nathan Gillett, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Amanda Maycock, Leeds University, UK; Mona Nemer, Chief Science Advisor, Canada; Guus Velders, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; and Anne Thompson, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, US Amanda Maycock, Leeds University, UK Anne Thompson, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, US Statements by Head of Delegation Azizan Ahmad, Secretary-General, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia Mohamed Mubarak Bin Daina, Chief Executive, the Supreme Council for Environment, Bahrain Mitzi Gurgel Valente da Costa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brazil Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of Environmental Protection, China COP 11/MOP 29 Snapshots L-R:Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada, with Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of Environmental Protection, China, and Xia Yingxian, China Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada, with delegates from countries that ratified the Kigali Amendment

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Friday, 17 November 2017: Global Talanoa for Climate Action Connections Between Climate Change, Agenda 2030 and National Development Priorities – Future Directions for the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) South-South Climate Cooperation to Drive Paris Agreement Implementation at National and Regional Levels IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) Meeting Coverage, will provide daily web coverage from selected side events at the UN Climate Change Conference - November 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Global Talanoa for Climate Action Presented by Peace Boat This event, moderated by Karen Hallows, Peace Boat, focused on youth’s role in safeguarding oceans and promoting peace; the experiences of Peace Boat, a passenger ship sailing around the world to promote harmony and sustainability; and the Ecoship project, a ship under construction that will become operational by 2020 and will sail to raise awareness about climate change and the need to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yoshioka Tatsuya, Founder and Director, Peace Boat, recalled his youth as an activist and described his personal journey leading to the creation of Peace Boat, an organization promoting social and environmental connection focused on sustainable use of the ocean and human resilience. Giving details of Ecoship and ongoing Peace Boat voyages, he noted that both ships are “small floating villages” fostering community-building and solid friendships, which he said are both essential elements to spur international cooperation. Speaking on the urgency of protecting oceans, he emphasized the need to understand “in-the-field” effects of natural disasters, especially in small island developing states (SIDS), and stressed the need for imagination in overcoming the ongoing environmental crisis. He concluded by underscoring the need to “hear the voices” of those dependent on the ocean and traced a parallel with survivors of nuclear attacks. Kya Lal, Peace Boat’s Youth Ambassador, Fiji, recalled individuals who suffered from the impacts of nuclear weapons, stating the similarities with the climate change crisis. She called for more platforms to share the experiences of vulnerable populations, and praised the opportunities that Ecoship brings to this endeavor. Lal described the background of key youth delegates who are part of the project, and noted the trajectory of her delegation’s journey to raise awareness of the urgency of action on ocean degradation and disaster risk prevention. The event closed with the screening of “a journey for climate hope,” a documentary, soon to be distributed in schools and film festivals to promote peace, climate change awareness, and ocean preservation. Kya Lal, Peace Boat’s Youth Ambassador, Fiji, noted that “oceans are borderless,” and thus require joint management. Karen Hallows, Peace Boat, said that Ecoship can “put the voices of islanders out there in the world” and highlighted the role of oceans in climate mitigation. Kids from Chad asks the panelists how they could engage with the project. Nicole De Paula, Institute for Sustainable Development, Reporting Services, Brazil Yoshioka Tatsuya, Founder and Director, Peace Boat, stated that Ecoship is “a floating sustainability laboratory and will sail for change.” A shot of the documentary screened during the event. Contact: Yoshioka Tatsuya (Ecoship) | info@ecoship-pb.com More Information: www.ecoship-pb.com www.peaceboat.org Connections Between Climate Change, Agenda 2030 and National Development Priorities – Future Directions for the Small Island Developing States (SIDS)Presented by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the German Development Institute (DIE) This side event, hosted in the Nordic pavilion, explored interactions between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and SDGs, focusing on the extent to which NDCs are country-driven in a SIDS context. Magnus Benzie, SEI, moderated the discussion, which, in Nordic fashion, took place in an informal style with a high proportion of audience participation. Adis Dzebo, SEI, during opening remarks, outlined the benefits of connecting the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including: the necessity of climate action for human development; putting a human face to climate action; integrating synergies and mediating tradeoffs in implementation; and increasing financial efficiency by preventing duplication of efforts. He presented an analysis of the overlap between SIDS and their NDCs, as well as the 17 SDGs, highlighting, inter alia: that for SIDS, global partnerships are crucial to achieving both agendas; and that NDCs significantly underline the interlinked character of the SDGs, underscoring the need to actively incorporate trade-offs in policymaking processes. Cleo Verkuijl, SEI, presented research on overlap between NDCs and countries’ national development plans (NDPs). She highlighted that NDC priorities tend to overlap with those in NDPs on a general or sectoral level, although there is less overlap on specific targets. She added that NDCs include some priorities, which are not in NDPs, and that many NDP priorities are not reflected in NDCs. She highlighted the potential for stronger linkages between NDPs and NDCs. Sasha Gay Middleton, Antigua and Barbuda, outlining measures and actions taken in her country, emphasized, inter alia: the Environmental Protection and Management Act 2015, which is cross-sectoral in nature and addresses all SDGs and NDCs; her country’s accreditation to the Green Climate Fund, Global Environment Facility and the Adaptation Fund; and a national revolving loan programme. She stressed the importance of consultation with civil society organizations and the private sector to meet NDCs “without leaving anyone behind.” In response to a question from the floor, she said that the NDC formation process has involved stakeholders and stressed a bottom-up approach and horizontal linkages. Bernd Hackmann, UNFCCC Secretariat, cautioned against “overestimating” the NDCs, saying that they are an entry point and serve a specific purpose, rather than showing everything that happens at national level. He emphasized the need to better connect the silos of the SDG and NDC processes, noting that they are both elements of countries’ development strategies. He further stressed that NDCs are political documents and, in response to a question about the future evolution of NDCs, he underlined ongoing discussions in the APA about the form and content of NDCs. Hannah Janetscheck, DIE, affirming that NDCs should not be overestimated, highlighted that civil society and academia should work with governments to identify and develop pathways for dealing with trade-offs. She noted that silos have a value in terms of sector expertise and enforcing accountability, but these advantages are lost if no room for cross-linkages exists. She said a “master plan” for policy coherence between NDCs and SDGs is not needed, because, in reality, there will be a mixture of coordinated and uncoordinated approaches, but stressed that all approaches must be tied to local needs. Topics raised in the discussion included: the close links between NDCs and SDG 17; barriers to accessing finance in SIDS; and ways in which ministries can work together on linking NDC and SDG processes. A participant from the Seychelles said her country, in planning its NDC, wanted to be realistic rather than overcommitting. Lars Ronnås, Ambassador for Climate Change, Sweden, in closing remarks, said both the 2030 Agenda and the NDCs answer the question of how we want to organize our societies. He stressed the importance of: translating international documents into national policy issues; defending the multilateral system; linkages between the development and climate communities; and national consultations involving all stakeholders. He called for moving ahead with both mitigation and adaptation, stressing that “we need both.” Cleo Verkuijl, SEI, noted the importance of country ownership in implementing both the climate and development agendas. Bernd Hackmann, UNFCCC Secretariat, emphasized that NDCs are not an end in and of themselves.   Sasha Gay Middleton, Antigua and Barbuda, said “NDC commitments cannot be met without the people.” Magnus Benzie, SEI, involved participants in discussion on the linkages between the SDGs and NDCs. Adis Dzebo, SEI, cautioned against silos in implementing the 2030 Agenda and NDC commitments. Contact: Cleo Verkuijl (SEI) | cleo.verkuijl@sei-international.org More Information: www.sei-international.org www.die-gdi.de/en/ www.ndc-sdg.info   South-South Climate Cooperation to Drive Paris Agreement Implementation at National and Regional Levels Presented by Greenovation Hub, World Resources Institute (WRI), Rock Environment and Energy Institute, and Friends of Nature In this side event, panelists explored the governance, financial, and technological demands of countries in implementing the Paris Agreement, including examples from Central, South-east, and South Asia. It was moderated by Paula Caballero, WRI.  Xiaohua Zhang, UN Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC), explained that there are still gaps in implementing the Paris Agreement, and noted that south-south cooperation could be used to enhance collaboration. He added that many countries have included south-south cooperation in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and called on parties to explore measurement, reporting and verification within cooperation. He highlighted challenges, including under-developed institutions within developing countries, which restricts the ability to unite resources and demand. Yongjun Ji, Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (CPAFFC), noted that China will provide a substantial financial contribution for south-south cooperation. He explained that climate action has changed from top-down to bottom-up following COP 21, and called on parties to support all sectors in this regard. He added that NGOs are part of global climate governance, and said that CPAFFC will set up an ecological and environmental task force to encourage other members from civil society to participate actively in climate governance. Tiza Mafira, Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), explained that from 2015-2016, 75% of climate finance was raised and spent domestically, but US$48 billion flowed from north to south, with US$9 billion flowing south to south. She highlighted Indonesia’s long history of south-south cooperation since 1955, and added that it now has a policy to scale up, focusing on new, innovative, and inclusive partnerships, including financial institutions. Nguyen Tuan Anh, Viet Nam, outlined private sector investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy in his country, which includes roughly US$100-300 million per sector in the former, and US$9.7 billion over the last five years in the latter. He highlighted obstacles to energy efficiency and renewable energy, including, inter alia, enterprises opting out for low-investment choices, investors’ concern with operational risks, and difficulty in obtaining licenses. Shuang Liu, Energy Foundation China (EFC), highlighted the mission of her organization to help China achieve a sustainable financial future. She called for tools to make climate and environmental concerns more relevant to banks. Regarding the public sector, she called for a universal definition of green projects in China, which thus far has not been possible due to institutional barriers. She urged improving framing of best practices to share with decision-makers in her country, in order to achieve consensus on climate-friendly south-south cooperation. Hongyu Guo, Greenovation Hub, called for a paradigm shift in development to meet the increasing demand for resources and infrastructure. She highlighted China’s crucial role in development and climate change, including South-South Cooperation and the Belt and Road Green Development Initiative and spoke specifically about investment in Viet Nam. She explained that both cooperation and the Belt and Road Initiative should be strategic and practical. During the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others: how South-South cooperation can change mindsets to deliver long-term solutions to development; cooperation within Latin America; the role of agriculture in South-South cooperation; and land use in climate change.   Shuang Liu, EFC, called for more feasible and implementable tools for banks when investing in climate change. Nguyen Tuan Anh, Viet Nam, said that South-South cooperation has a “big future” in his country Paula Caballero, WRI, asked “how can we help countries identify their needs?” Yongjun Ji, CPAFFC, said that “South-South cooperation is for everybody around the world.” L–R: Paula Caballero, WRI; Xiaohua Zhang, UNOSSC; Yongjun Ji, CPAFFC; Tiza Mafira, CPI; Nguyen Tuan Anh, Viet Nam; Shuang Liu, EFC; and Hongyu Guo, Greenovation Hub Hongyu Guo, Greenovation Hub, said that China plays an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. Tiza Mafira, CPI, called on countries to articulate their intention to strengthen South-South cooperation on climate action. Xiaohua Zhang, UNOSSC, said “we need to learn from each other in order to scale up activities.” Contact: Li Xiulan (Centre for Global Green Leadership) | xiulan@ghub.org More Information: www.chinagoinggreen.org   Around the Venue      

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Thursday, 16 November 2017: Asia-Pacific Climate Action: Making Finance Flows Consistent with a Pathway Towards Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate-Resilient Development for the Implementation of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda How Can Agroecology Help Countries Achieve their Climate Commitments? Strengthening Collaboration to Support Countries in Implementing the Paris Agreement- a Joint GEF-GCF Side Event Oil and Gas Industry in Uganda: What it Means for Climate Resilience Joint Side Event by Signatory Countries to the Ministerial Declaration on Carbon Markets: Ensuring Environmental Integrity The integration of Climate Change, Disaster Risk Management and its Links to Sustainable Development IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) Meeting Coverage, will provide daily web coverage from selected side events at the UN Climate Change Conference - November 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Asia-Pacific Climate Action: Making Finance Flows Consistent with a Pathway Towards Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate-Resilient Development for Implementation of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda Presented by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) In this side event, panelists discussed climate finance in the Asia-Pacific context, including regional action to access debt capital markets. Shamshad Akhtar, ESCAP, moderated the panel. In opening remarks, she noted that climate action in the Asia-Pacific region requires significant investment, which is likely to exceed available fiscal space. Stressing that green bonds are a promising new instrument, she emphasized the need to enable developing countries to gain access to international capital markets to finance climate action. Akhtar called for: facilitating a project pipeline that can be financed through green bonds; supplementing capital markets with grant facilities; and fostering acceptance of projects from the region by the global financial community. Inia Seruiratu, Minister for Agriculture, Rural and Maritime Development, Fiji, in a keynote speech, stressed that meeting Paris Agreement goals requires more effective and ambitious climate action by all stakeholders, and said the Marrakesh Partnership was launched for this reason. He called for non-party stakeholders to step up action, emphasizing the need: to find synergies between adaptation and mitigation; to take a cross-sectoral approach; and for finance to implement the Paris Agreement. Howard Bamsey, Executive Director, Green Climate Fund (GCF), in a keynote address, described the GCF’s work in the Asia-Pacific as using public funds to catalyze and guide private sector investments into climate-friendly activities. He outlined challenges including: lack of supporting regulatory environments in developing countries to enable reliable returns for investors; the need for new instruments; and the need for more innovative insurance remedies. He emphasized the GCF’s country-driven nature. Bambang Susantono, Asian Development Bank (ADB), noted that the Asia-Pacific region will require US$26 trillion in infrastructure investment from now until 2030, stressing that multilateral development banks have an important role to play in mobilizing climate finance. He emphasized the importance of, inter alia: leveraging and blending finance from a variety of public and private sources; de-risking; enhancing credit; and securitization. Loren Legarda, the Philippines, emphasized that accessing the Adaptation Fund and the GCF remains a challenge for developing nations, including her country. She called for: simplifying and operationalizing access to finance; greening national and local-level finance communities to make commercial banks more amenable to financing renewable energy projects and less open to financing fossil fuels; and pushing green infrastructure in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Mushahid Ullah Khan, Minister for Climate Change, Pakistan, outlined his country’s measures to combat climate change, including: national and regional laws on environmental protection; the establishment of a green development bank; and the creation of a Ministry of Climate Change. He described green banking as a paradigm shift from a business-as-usual approach, and noted the challenge of smog due to transborder emissions.  Peter Munro, International Capital Market Association, highlighted that annual green bond issuances passed the US$100 billion mark earlier in the day. Outlining his organization’s Green Bond Principles, he stressed, inter alia, that: the green bond market has experienced strong growth following the launch of these principles; the principles promote transparency, accountability and consistency in markets due to their balanced governance structure; and sovereign issuance and banks are important to spread this success. Michael Wilkins, Standard & Poor, said the cost of implementing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) will be about US$5.6 trillion, and highlighted the gap between implementation costs and what countries can afford, calling for solutions to “plug the gap.” He emphasized the potential of the green bond market to fund NDC implementation, but stressed that every type of financial instrument needs to be greened. He outlined his organization’s approach to evaluating the environmental impact of investments. Jan-Willem van de Ven, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), said the bank has already reached its target of 40% green finance by 2020. He outlined de-risking initiatives, including creating a roadmap for greening Kazakhstan’s financial system, stressing that the bank can assist in providing information and financial products, and through facilitating technology transfer. L-R: Bambang Susantono, ADB; Howard Bamsey, Executive Director, GCF; Inia Seruiratu, Minister for Agriculture, Rural and Maritime Development, Fiji; Shamshad Akhtar, ESCAP; and Mushahid Ullah Khan, Minister for Climate Change, Pakistan Inia Seruiratu, Minister for Agriculture, Rural and Maritime Development, Fiji, said the Marrakesh Partnership will play a crucial role in implementing the Paris Agreement. Shamshad Akhtar, ESCAP, highlighted the potential of green bonds for the Asia-Pacific region.   Howard Bamsey, Executive Director, GCF, highlighted his organization’s readiness fund to help countries create enabling environments for private sector financing.   Contact: Laura Altinger (UNESCAP) | altinger@un.org More Information: www.unescap.org How Can Agroecology Help Countries Achieve Their Climate Commitments?Presented by Hungary, France, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) In this side event, technical presentations and high-level panelists focused on the role and comparative advantages of agroecology in food security, building resilience, mitigating climate change impacts and facilitating countries in meeting their Paris Agreement commitments, through building on the outcomes of FAO’s Regional Agroecology Symposiums. Moderator Jessica Troni, UN Environment, introduced the event by showing video testimonies of farmers practicing agroecology worldwide. Sándor Fazekas, Minister of Agriculture, Hungary, opening the event, recalled the outcomes of the Budapest Regional Symposium on Agroecology, and welcomed a constructive debate that will further enhance understanding of agroecological approaches to farming. Alessandro De Pinto, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI, presenting on the role of systems thinking in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, suggested that concepts such as agroecology, climate-smart agriculture, landscape approaches and sustainable land management practices “force us to think beyond single objectives.” Japheth Muli, Trócaire, Kenya, reflected on the Kenyan ambition of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030, and highlighting the benefits of agroecology in his country, said such practices can help achieve this goal. He noted that food systems need to involve holistic approaches that recognize the multiple public goods provided, including water, energy, soil and biodiversity. Markus Arbenz, Executive Director, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), elaborating on the different, yet similar agricultural approaches, including agroecology, emphasized they all need to be approached as an entire system that includes the food and value chain. He highlighted the many ways agroecology proposes to address climate change impacts, including through: mitigation via increasing tree cover and reducing reliance on wood fuel; adaptation via climate-resilient development; and improved adaptive capacity and resilience. Participants posed questions on: the potential solution provided by reducing livestock consumption; the possibility of scaling up replicable practices; and attracting youth through agroecological farming and other revolutionary farming approaches. During the high-level panel, Sándor Fazekas, Minister of Agriculture, Hungary, suggested agroecological farming practices as an important approach to: reduce the carbon footprint of countries; contribute to health; and improve resilience of ecosystems and biodiversity, such as through honey bee conservation. He highlighted the outcomes of the recent regional symposium which affirmed the need for healthier, circular food systems that will reduce resource use. Stéphane Travert, Minister of Agriculture, France, highlighted that country emission reduction commitments need to simultaneously focus on food security, climate change, sustainability challenges and biodiversity protection, while addressing the expectations of all people. He urged research institutions and industry to develop innovative approaches that aim both for economic and environmental health. Citing the ambition for all French farms to adopt agroecological practices by 2025, he said this will help combat climate change by improving the sequestration ability and the nutritious productivity of soils. Jan Szyszko, Minister of Environment, Poland, and incoming president of COP 24, emphasized the objectives of countries’ climate actions, including to: reduce emissions as much as possible through employing new technological innovations; and optimize carbon dioxide absorption through management activities, such as halting desertification and efficient water use. Lamenting the arid climate in the Sahara region, which had been hardest hit by climate change, Samir Taïeb, Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries, Tunisia, described many agroecological activities introduced in his country since it adopted a national agricultural adaptation policy in 2007 to address climate change and introduce more resilient forms of agriculture. He said these smart farming practices and eco-engineering approaches have increased the country’s productivity significantly. Batio Bassiere, Minister of Environment, Green Economy and Climate Change, Burkina Faso, noting that more than 85% of his country’s population is dependent on subsistence farming, said agroecological farming practices are “nothing new since traditional farming has always included such activities.” He highlighted efforts to support this sector, including a national strategy that builds on agroecological principles and a research center that focuses on improving understanding of the benefits of these approaches. In closing remarks, Vladimir Olegovich Rakhmanin, Assistant Director-General, FAO, stressed the importance of obtaining personal commitments from politicians to collect and distribute the information, and understanding gained at the Regional Symposium on Agroecology. L-R: Stéphane Travert, Minister of Agriculture, France; Samir Taïeb, Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries, Tunisia; Sándor Fazekas, Minister of Agriculture, Hungary; Jan Szyszko, Minister of Environment, Poland, and incoming president of COP 24; and Batio Bassiere, Minister of Environment, Green Economy and Climate Change, Burkina Faso Stéphane Travert, Minister of Agriculture, France, lauded that multiple organic farming approaches will provide win-win solutions in the face of climate change challenges. Samir Taïeb, Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries, Tunisia, said “we need to directly involve local farmers if we want comprehensive adoption of smart practices.” Jan Szyszko, Minister of Environment, Poland, and incoming president of COP 24, emphasized that regeneration of soil is key for sustainable development globally. High-level panelists listen to a presentation on the benefits of agroecological approaches in combating climate change. Contact: Gergely Takács (Government of Hungary) | istvan.gergely.takacs@fm.gov.hu  Alessandro De Pinto (IFPRI) | a.depinto@cgiar.org More Information: www.ifpri.org Strengthening Collaboration to Support Countries in Implementing the Paris Agreement - a Joint GEF-GCF Side EventPresented by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Moderated by Daniele Violetti, Chief of Staff, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, this event discussed synergies between the GEF and the GCF aimed at scaling up climate resilient finance.   Howard Bamsey, Executive Director, GCF, and Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, GEF, provided opening remarks. Bamsey underscored the GCF’s commitment to simplify modalities for accessing finance and to reduce transaction costs. He announced that at COP 24, all the climate funds would have an opportunity to showcase achievements. Ishii lauded the goodwill of all COP 23 participants but noted that “we are all still lagging behind,” when it comes to scaling up climate-related businesses. Citing Bhutan as an example, she said the country had demonstrated efforts aimed at putting natural capital at the forefront of development policies, and emphasized political leadership as the most essential element to inspire climate action. Chencho Norbu, Secretary, National Environment Commission, Bhutan, stressed past efforts to revisit Bhutan’s protected areas management, noting that currently 51% of the territory is covered by protected areas. He added that the GEF could help to improve infrastructure to facilitate sustainable tourism and access for researchers. Rodolfo Lacy Tamayo, Undersecretary of Planning and Environmental Policy, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, Mexico, pointed to the “different languages” of the GCF and GEF and agreed that simplifying their mechanisms should be a priority, given the increasing number of climate finance players. He highlighted Mexico’s experience in establishing new natural sanctuaries that could become habitats for endangered species with technological support that also increases the resilience of local communities. Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda, called for: appropriate legal frameworks to promote climate finance; context-oriented policies; taking into account the diversity of nations; and enhancing private sector engagement with both funds. Karsten Sach, Director General, Climate Policy, European and International Policy, German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), stressed the importance of the event for providing the right signal for investors. He noted challenges on promoting a paradigm shift and called for keeping in mind the whole “2030 development agenda” to ensure coherence. Sach concluded by highlighting the need to involve the private sector, national institutions and all relevant actors in the responses to climate change, and supported improving accessibility to the funds. Jay Koh, Managing Director, Lightsmith Group, and Member of the Private Sector Advisory Sector Group of the GCF, observed that the private sector recognizes the urgency of climate change, calling for greater coordination and faster cooperation; and highlighted the growing opportunities for private entities to have a voice. He noted the challenges of “learning the language” of the multilateral processes and commended initiatives aimed at overcoming this through pilot projects that encourage innovation. He recommended that the GCF and the GEF focus on resilience and adaptation as valued themes under the Paris Agreement and encouraged innovative engagement with the private sector, which needs to understand the UNFCCC language and test new metrics to measure the scale of success of climate adaptation policies.  During closing remarks, panelists provided an outlook of the financial mechanisms in terms of supporting the implementation of the Paris Agreement and highlighted issues including: sharing lessons on project monitoring; simplifying guidelines and enhancing capacity building to improve monitoring and reporting; deviating from business-as-usual to accommodate resilience-building; and improving the flexibility of procedures to enable access to the funds’ resources. In closing, Bamsey noted the importance of appropriate governance arrangements and improving guidelines, emphasizing support to build institutional capacity for readiness in selected countries. Ishii elaborated on building a practice for collaboration focusing on partnerships and multi-stakeholder engagement, including with indigenous peoples. She called for parties to continue supporting both the GCF and the GEF financially to enable them to contribute to a real paradigm shift. ` L-R: Daniele Violetti, Chief of Staff, UNFCCC Secretariat; Chencho Norbu, Secretary, National Environment Commission, Bhutan, Rodolfo Lacy Tamayo, Undersecretary of Planning and Environmental Policy, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, Mexico; Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda; Karsten Sach, Director General, Climate Policy, European and International Policy, BMUB; and Jay Koh, Managing Director, Lightsmith Group, and Member of the Private Sector Advisory Sector Group of the GCF   Daniele Violetti, Chief of Staff, UNFCCC Secretariat, moderated the panel. Jay Koh, Managing Director, Lightsmith Group, and Member of the Private Sector Advisory Sector Group of the GCF, said that “Paris was a moment for everybody and we are here now to work together with parties. Rodolfo Lacy Tamayo, Undersecretary of Planning and Environmental Policy, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, Mexico, defended the use of new technologies to protect natural habitats. Chencho Norbu, Secretary, National Environment Commission, Bhutan, said much still needs to be done but we are committed to protect our natural capital.   Vincent Biruta, Minister of Environment, Rwanda, said that “we need to prioritize actions, but countries need to know where they need to go.”     Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, GEF, noting Bhutan’s accomplishments, called for countries’ commitment to natural capital.   Karsten Sach, Director General, Climate Policy, European and International policy, BMUB, called for more coherence in developing polices and scaling up the ambition of NDCs.   Howard Bamsey, Executive Director, GCF, declared “if we are talking about transformation, we need to focus on CO2 saved and not necessarily dollars spent, when evaluating projects.” Contact: Camila Perez Gabilondo (GEF) |  cperezgabilondo@thegef.org More Information: Michel Smitall (GCF) | msmittal@gcffund.org   Oil and Gas Industry in Uganda: What it Means for Climate ResiliencePresented by the National Association of Professional Environmentalists (NAPE), ECOTRUST and the Africa Institute for Energy Governance (AFIEGO), with support from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) In this side event, panelists discussed the impact of the expanding oil and gas sector in Uganda on climate resilience. Pauline Nantongo Kalunda, Executive Director, ECOTRUST, moderated the session. She introduced exploration in the Albertine Rift in Uganda, which includes protected areas, Ramsar sites and endemic biodiverse areas. She noted three oil and gas companies operating in the area, and explained that the pipeline to be established from Lake Albert to the coast of Tanzania passes over critical environmental sites and will displace people. Geoffrey Kamese, NAPE, Uganda, highlighted the important natural resources contained within the Albertine Rift, including, among others, 39% of African mammal species, 60% of Uganda’s water bodies and 70% of Uganda’s protected areas. He explained that in his country, 6.5 billion barrels of oil have already been discovered, which accounts for only 40% of the total explorable area. In outlining key impacts to humans and the environment from oil and gas exploration in Uganda, he highlighted: environmental degradation; land grabs; human rights abuses; polluted water bodies; increased displacement of people; and conflict over resources. Nnimmo Bassey, Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation, spoke about the experience of oil exploration in his country of Nigeria, noting that oil was first discovered there in 1956. He said that it would take 30 years to clean up water and land lost in his country to oil and gas, adding that there is an oil spill occurring somewhere on earth at every second. He reiterated Geoffrey Kamese’s statement, adding that petroleum and pipelines decrease livelihood opportunities, cause deforestation, and increase poaching, armed conflict and other illegal activities. Regarding efforts to increase solidarity amongst communities affected by oil and gas exploration, he highlighted: the FishNet Alliance, designed to protect fisheries in Cameroon, South Africa and Nigeria, with hopes to expand to Lake Albert; and the Sustainability Academy, a knowledge-sharing platform. During the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others: how policies in Uganda include environmental impact assessment; good cases of resource extraction inAfrica; what is being done to address climate-induced migration; why a harmful industry should be prioritized; and what panelists hope to achieve in the oil and gas sector. Nantongo Kalunda concluded the session, pointing to 'Shared Resources, Joint Solutions,' an IUCN-led initiative to empower civil society organizations to equip for climate resilience. She called on governments to change tactics in moving forward on oil and gas. Geoffrey Kamese, NAPE, said that “people may not be able to cope with climate change,” due to additional stressors that oil and gas placed on them. An audience member asked why oil is being explored, when “the future is away from oil.” Pauline Nantongo Kalunda, Executive Director, ECOTRUST, said that in Uganda, actions to protect the environment are done “to tick boxes.” An audience member pressed panelists to explain how they hoped Uganda would move forward in the oil and gas sector. Nnimmo Bassey, Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation, underscored that “oil and gas represent the opposite of resilience.” An audience member questioned why developed countries condemn the oil and gas sector in negotiations, but encourage their developing country counterparts to develop the sector. Contact: Kureeba David (NAPE) | kureebamd@yahoo.com  More Information: www.ecotrust.or.ug www.afiego.org www.nape.or.ug Joint Side Event by Signatory Countries to the Ministerial Declaration on Carbon Markets: Ensuring Environmental IntegrityPresented by the Government of Japan and the Government of New Zealand This event was moderated by Kazuhisa Koakutsu, Japan, who noted the importance of operating carbon markets while ensuring environmental integrity, and invited Singapore to sign the declaration. Yasuo Takahashi, Vice-Minister for Global Environmental Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, emphasized that his country recognized the importance of providing incentives for emission reduction activities, including in introducing carbon pricing and domestic policies. He noted the importance of promoting advanced technology to reduce GHG emissions and of project implementation, concluding that Japan “wants to support the operationalization of efficient and effective carbon markets.” Stéphane Dion, Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy to the European Union and Europe, Canada, underscored that his country aims to be a carbon market pioneer, noting that international carbon markets will mobilize investment and encourage private sector momentum for early action and increasing ambition. He noted Canada’s plan to charge US$100 per ton of CO2 by 2022, and concluded “it is time to put a price on the problem.” Rodrigo Pizarro, Chile, described his country’s environmental change programme to protect its oceans and land, which has introduced significant regulation to realize its climate change commitment. He noted that the basis for the policies is the realization that markets are no longer the problem, but the solution. He emphasized that enhancing the power of the market may allow compliance with global climate mitigation objectives. Archibald Young, Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK, noted that the environmental integrity of markets currently being established, is crucial. He highlighted the importance of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, Paris Agreement Article 6 (cooperative approaches), and encouraging others to take market mechanisms forward. He underscored that since the 1990s, the UK has decarbonized by 42% while growing its economy by 67%, urging those that doubt the possibility for decoupling to take note of the UK example. Aupito Su'a William Sio, Minister for Pacific Peoples, New Zealand, emphasized that cooperation between countries using market mechanisms is an important way to deliver climate change contributions and scale up action. He said that environmental integrity is key, and parties share responsibility in ensuring such integrity. Masagos Zulkifli, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore, underscored that climate change requires joint action, a strong global response and universal implementation of the Paris Agreement. Noting Singapore’s small contribution to global emissions, he stressed its commitment to coordinated action and outlined its recent Climate Action Plan and the introduction of a carbon tax in 2019 on large emitters, which will cover about 80% of total emissions. L-R: Archibald Young, Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK; Aupito Su'a William Sio, Minister for Pacific Peoples, New Zealand; Masagos Zulkifli, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore; Stéphane Dion, Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy to the European Union and Europe, Canada; Yasuo Takahashi, Vice-Minister for Global Environmental Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Japan; and Rodrigo Pizarro, Chile Yasuo Takahashi, Vice-Minister for Global Environmental Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, noted that the variety of participants at the event “demonstrates that there is great interest in carbon markets.” Stéphane Dion, Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy to the European Union and Europe, Canada, highlighted that “Canada believes in carbon markets and this Declaration is the most effective way to get there.”   Rodrigo Pizarro, Chile, emphasized that we are at a “turning point” to enhance the power of the markets and reduce our climate footprint.  Archibald Young, Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK, outlined the UK’s activities on carbon markets, noting its recent Clean Growth Strategy. Masagos Zulkifli, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore, noted Singapore’s commitment to collaborate, exchange experiences and learn from other countries. Aupito Su'a William Sio, Minister for Pacific Peoples, New Zealand, welcomed Singapore into the Ministerial Declaration.   Contact: Kazuhisa Koaktusu (Japan) | kazuhisa_koaktusu@env.go.jp More Information: www.mfe.govt.nz/news-events/ministerial-declaration-carbon-markets The Integration of Climate Change, Disaster Risk Management and its Links to Sustainable DevelopmentPresented by Kiribati and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) Moderated by Peniita Taiaa Kabubuke Garisau, Kiribati, this side event shared Kiribati’s actions to adapt to the growing challenges of climate change. It started with a prayer, a traditional dance and a video, setting the stage for the discussion. The video highlighted Kiribati’s 20-Year Vision 2016-2036 (KV20) and development roadmap, and featured the island’s main pressures, including coastal erosion, scarcity of clean water and sea-level rise. It emphasized that Kiribati has 33 small islands across the Pacific and a population of 110,000, and stressed investments for preserving traditional culture and sustainable tourism, noting the intention to transform Kiribati into the “Dubai of the Pacific.” The video also showcased an ongoing project constructing 330 hectares of new land to accommodate the growing population, which is highly concentrated in small territories. In a keynote speech, Taneti Maamau, President of Kiribati, highlighted the urgency of building resilience for present and future generations of his country, and called for greater international solidarity. He further detailed the KV20 vision, recalling Kiribati’s development challenges in the face of climate change, and emphasized national consultations on people’s perceptions of climate change, including their willingness to stay in the country in the face of climate threats. He noted: KV20 as a people-centered vision; innovative financing modalities including debt financing; and the use of sovereign funds to address disaster related risks. He declared “it’s all about adaptation,” noting that natural disasters are a reality in his country and that only strategic thinking and a long-term vision can ensure resilience for all in Kiribati. Meg Taylor, Secretary General, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), presented the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific. She explained that it is based on national efforts, underscoring the impacts of climate change and natural hazards, which cannot be addressed in isolation of development challenges. She added that the framework will avoid work duplication and ineffective resource use, unlike previous regional policy frameworks. She underscored implementation challenges and called on the region to think synergistically, act together and behave differently. She concluded by applauding the KV20 vision. In response to questions raised from the floor, Maamau stated that, inter alia: Kiribati is considering innovative financing methods such as concessional loans at interest rates of 1-2%; it is targeting niche ecotourism markets; and challenges exist for coordinating various agencies for disaster management and climate adaptation. I-Kiribati youth impress the audience with traditional dance.   Meg Taylor, Secretary General, PIFS, underscored “building resilience is everyone’s business.” Taneti Maamau, President of Kiribati, called for international solidarity, as climate change is “no longer a dream” but a very tangible threat for all small island states. Contact: Tearinibeia Enoo (President’s office, Kiribati) | tteabo@ob.gov.ki More Information: http://www.president.gov.ki http://www.forumsec.org Award Ceremony of the Global Youth Video Competition on Climate Change 2017        

The Ninth High Level Assembly (HLA) of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) convened in Bonn, Germany, on Tuesday 14 November 2017, in parallel with the 23rd session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 23) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). High-level government representatives, members of academia and NGOs attended the Assembly, which addressed the importance of reducing short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) to combat climate change, including specific calls for action on agriculture and municipal solid waste. Ministers and other high-level representatives considered these issues in the “Bonn Communiqué,” a draft outcome document. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided web coverage and a summary report from the 9th CCAC High Level Assembly. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. L-R: José Graziano da Silva, Director General, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO); Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada; Marcelo Mena Carrasco, Minister of Environment, Chile; and Helena Molin Valdés, Head, CCAC Secretariat Country representatives from Togo and China during the keynote address. Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada, said “we owe it to our children to be ambitious and catalyze action on SLCPs.” Marcelo Mena Carrasco, Minister of Environment, Chile, explained that “municipal solid waste is an environmental justice issue for developing countries.” Maria Neira, World Health Organization (right), said her organization was committed to providing measurements on reductions in air pollution morbidity. Sameer Maithel, Director, Greentech Knowledge Solutions, was acknowledged for winning the Individual Achievement Climate and Clean Air Award earlier in the week. Ibrahim Thiaw, Deputy Executive Director, UN Environment, called on parties to ratify the Kigali Amendment. Dominique Souris, Executive Director, Youth Climate Lab, said that youth should not only be consulted, but are also “partners for action.” Isabella Lövin, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for International Development Cooperation and Climate, Sweden, noted that “reducing SLCPs is not just about quick fixes but about what kind of society we want to have.” Jian Liu, Chief Scientist, UN Environment, said that we need to think “out of the box and about co-benefits” when addressing SLCPs. Dave Turk, International Energy Agency, said the CCAC is “ahead of the curve.” José Graziano da Silva, Director General, FAO, explained that “reducing enteric methane emissions is one of the most cost-effective climate change mitigation strategies.” Chu Van Chuong, Viet Nam, said his country was contributing to global mitigation efforts by reducing methane from rice production. Participants during the session

The Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Monday. Contact groups and informal consultations under the Conference of the Parties (COP), Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) met in the morning and afternoon. In the evening, the APA contact group met to consider all its substantive agenda items, and the closing plenaries of the SBI and SBSTA met, adopting several conclusions and decisions. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference 2017. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day SBI informal consultations on the review of the functions of the Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) Informal consultations on further guidance in relation to adaptation communication (APA agenda item 4) Delegates huddle during informal consultations on matters relating to the global stocktake (APA agenda item 6) Informal consultations on further matters except the Adaptation Fund (APA agenda item 8) Civil Society Actions throughout the Day Members of the Indigenous Peoples constituency hold a demonstration to "reclaim a space for indigenous peoples and protest their continued marginalization" in the negotiations Representatives of ACT Alliance hand out chocolate coins, promoting the need for climate finance for adaptation Representatives of the Nuclear Information and Resource Service demonstrate against the use of nuclear energy, saying it is not a solution to combating climate change Representatives of CARE International hand out "care packages" that serve as "sweet policy recommendations" Representatives of The Big Shift Global protest against the financing of fossil fuels, offering delegates the chance to put chocolate coins into either a green piggy bank representing green energy, or a brown piggy bank representing fossil fuels Representatives of the Women and Gender constituency hold a tribute to honor women who have faced repression, persecution, threats, intimidation, violence, and even murder, in pursuit of the protection of human rights and the environment APA Contact Group Members of the Secretariat hand out the draft APA conclusions Delegates from Costa Rica and Argentina Delegates from Switzerland and Georgia Delegates read the draft APA conclusions APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Sin Liang Cheah, Singapore, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 3 - mitigation section Pieter Terpstra, Netherlands, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 8 - further matters, Adaptation Fund Xiang Gao, China, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 5 - transparency framework Julio Cordano, Chile, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 4 - adaptation communication Peter Horne, Australia, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 7 - committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance Outi Honkatukia, Finland, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 6 - global stocktake SBI and SBSTA Closing Plenaries View of the dais during the SBI and SBSTA joint closing plenary SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize Sidat Yaffa, The Gambia SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Marianne Karlsen, Norway Hamdhoon Mohamed, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Adão Soares Barbosa, Timor-Leste Patricia Soares Leite, Brazil Elizabeth Pirth, Research and Independent NGOs (RINGOs) Mathias Edetor, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Jisun Hwang, Local Government and Municipal Authorities (LGMA) Bjørn Gimming, Farmers Ndivile Colia Mokoena, Women and Gender Krishneil Narayan, Climate Action Network (CAN), and Tetet Nera Lauron, Climate Justice Now! (CJN!) SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland; Katia Simeonova, UNFCCC Secretariat; SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize; Wanna Tanunchaiwatana, SBSTA Coordinator; and Hanna Hoffmann, UNFCCC Secretariat Around the Venue Peter Thomson, UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Ocean Horacio Peluffo, UNFCCC Secretariat, speaks with a delegate Delegates from the EU Emmanuel Dumisani Dlamini, Swaziland UN Security around the venue Delegates from Argentina SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize (left) with members of the UNFCCC Secretariat Delegates between sessions

The Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Friday. In the morning, the facilitative sharing of views convened, followed by the multilateral assessment in the afternoon. Contact groups and informal consultations under the Conference of the Parties (COP), Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP), Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA), met throughout the day. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Fiji / Bonn Climate Change Conference 2017. The summary and analysis report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on APA agenda item 7, modalities and procedures for the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance APA informal consultations on item 6, global stocktake Informal consultations on the joint annual report of the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Informal consultations on national adaptation plans (NAPs) SBSTA informal consultations on the local communities and indigenous peoples platform Informal consultations on APA agenda item 4, further guidance on adaptation communication SBI Facilitative Sharing of Views and the Multilateral Assessment SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland, chaired the session Andrei Pilipchuk, Belarus  María Victoria Chiriboga, Ecuador Diana Harutyunyan, Armenia Jaivardhan Ramanlal Bhatt, India Rehab Ahmed Hassan Ahmed, Sudan Ricardo Fernandez, EU Xing Fan, China APA Co-Chairs' Dialogue with Observer Organizations View of the dais during the session APA Co-Chairs Jo Tyndall, New Zealand, and Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Nathan Thanki, Climate Justice Now! (CJN!), Environmental NGOs (ENGOs) Kalyani Raj, Women and Gender Chih Chie Sung, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Majda Dabaghi, Business and Industry NGOs (BINGOs) Li Shuo, Climate Action Network (CAN), ENGOs Anabella Rosemberg, Trade Union NGOs (TUNGOs) Bjørg Vårli Håland, YOUNGOs Around the Venue Delegates between sessions Stella Gama, Malawi, speaks with Benito Müller, Oxford Climate Policy A young delegate in the venue Delegates from Europe Delegates from the Arab world Delegates gather between sessions Ismail El Gizouli, Sudan Interviews conducted in the venue Delegates speak informally UN Security around the venue Milañ Loeak, Marshall Islands In the park between the Bula and Bonn Zones, an art installation titled 'Unbearable' depicts the climate crisis, including a 'freedom to pollute' sculpture of the US Statue of Liberty, and bronze sculptures of climate refugees