Least Developed Countries

L-R: Adrian Fenton, Fiji and International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD); Nilesh Prakash, Fiji; Anne Hammill, IISD and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network; Patricia Fuller, Ambassador for Climate Change, Canada; and Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister, Fiji, and COP 23 President The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Wednesday, 12 December 2018: Launch of Fiji’s First National Adaptation Plan Forests First – From 10 Years REDD+ to the Full Scope of Nature-Based Climate Solutions Speeding up the Cooldown: Scaling up Regenerative Solutions to Climate Change Clean and Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency Photos by IISD/ENB | Natalia Mroz / Diego Noguera For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Launch of Fiji’s First National Adaptation Plan Presented by the Government of Fiji in collaboration with the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network L-R: Adrian Fenton, Fiji and IISD; Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister, Fiji, and COP 23 President; Patricia Fuller, Ambassador for Climate Change, Canada; and Anne Hammill, IISD and NAP Global Network This side event convened to launch and illustrate Fiji’s new NAP, which sets out the country’s long-term ambitions for building the island’s resilience to climate change, and was developed with support from the NAP Global Network. Moderator Ilisapeci Vakacegu, Fiji, opened the event. Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister, Fiji, and COP 23 President, highlighted that the first Fijian NAP encompasses a holistic adaptation strategy with a vision to achieve a climate-resilient development pathway, which enables Fiji to anticipate, reduce, and manage environmental and climate risks caused by climate variability. He underscored the need to address Fiji’s challenges, citing the devastating impact of the 2016 Tropical Cyclone Winston, including through: ensuring a systematic approach in all decision-making processes, with a focus on fisheries, biodiversity and agriculture; strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration; relocating communities threatened by sea level rise; and mobilizing adequate resources for adaptation. Stressing the need to address the root causes of climate change, Bainimarama said that Fiji and the Marshall Islands were the first two nations in the world to commit to increase their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). He concluded by highlighting his hope that this NAP will become an unstoppable force for accelerating climate action in the country and beyond. Patricia Fuller, Ambassador for Climate Change, Canada, said that the country assisted small island developing states (SIDS) and coastal regions combat the impacts of climate change during its G7 Presidency in 2018. She highlighted Canada’s commitment on climate finance totalling CAD 2.65 billion over five years, as a way to increase collective commitment to and actions on climate change in developing countries. She highlighted Canada’s CAD 4 million contribution to the NAP Global Network to help facilitate peer learning and exchange, build capacities of developing countries to implement NAPs, and promote implementation of the Paris Agreement. She added that Canada has also provided CAD 30 million to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) for adaptation projects, administered by the Green Environment Facility (GEF), and an additional CAD 10 million to support the improvement of early warning systems in some of the most vulnerable communities. Fuller underscored the importance of addressing the health of oceans, saying that oceans play an important role in “regulating” the global climate system. Congratulating Fiji for the launch of their NAP, she called for enhanced continued support for implementing the NAP, which, she said, would be a great input to the Talanoa Dialogue. Anne Hammill, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the NAP Global Network, presented on the importance of the NAP processes as the foundation for transformation, addressing the urgency of acting upon adaptation through driving coordination and scaling up actions. She outlined the NAP Global Network’s work on: facilitating sustained South-South peer learning and exchange; supporting national-level action by providing technical support to countries; enhancing bilateral cooperation; and communications and knowledge production. Noting that more than 116 countries have joined the NAP Global Network and that 31 countries have received direct technical support, Hammill stressed the Network’s crucial role in the NAP development process and its implementation. She concluded by highlighting that Fiji’s ambition to develop its NAP demonstrates how countries can move from vision to defining priorities on adaptation. Adrian Fenton, Fiji and IISD, stressed that the NAP document was developed through extensive consultation with Fijians, and reflects their priorities for adaptation action that will preserve Fiji’s society, economy, and way of life. He outlined its five priorities on: climate change management; horizontal integration; vertical integration; climate change awareness and knowledge; and resource mobilization. He also described the NAP development process, which involved multi-stakeholder consultations in Fiji, facilitated identification of adaptation challenges in local communities, and gaining common understanding among stakeholders that adaptation entails ensuring the resilience of communities. He concluded by emphasizing the importance of ensuring that the NAP becomes a catalogue for all climate actions contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the ensuing discussion, panelists, responding to a question about the important linkages of the Fiji’s NAP with other areas such as desertification, explained that relevant international frameworks, such as the Sendal Framework for Disaster Risk Management and Biodiversity Action Plans, are already integrated into Fiji’s NAP. In concluding remarks, Shivanal Kumar, Fiji, thanked all partners for their contribution to the successful launch of Fiji’s NAP, and called for further support to deliver its effective implementation. Frank Bainimarama, COP23 President and Prime Minister, Fiji Patricia Fuller, Ambassador for Climate Change, Canada Anne Hammill, IISD and NAP Global Network Adrian Fenton, Fiji and IISD Moderator Ilisapeci Vakacegu, Fiji Shivanal Kumar, Fiji A participant takes a photo Participants listen to the presentations Participants at the event CONTACTS Ziona Eyob, IISD | zeyob@iisd.ca MORE INFORMATION http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/ Forests First – From 10 Years of REDD+ to the Full Scope of Nature-Based Climate Solutions Presented by the UN-REDD Programme Posted by IISD Reporting Services on Thursday, 13 December 2018 The side event presented forests as the leading front in nature-based climate solutions, building on 10 years of wide-ranging work around REDD+. Informed by the expertise of practitioners in a variety of fields, the event highlighted partnerships for transformative policy reform, innovative financial instruments, and emerging technologies that contribute to forest conservation and restoration. Mario Boccucci, Head, UN-REDD Programme Secretariat, moderated the event. Maria Helena Semedo, Deputy Director-General, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), noted that forests constitute the most powerful and cost-effective solution to climate change, stressing that in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, actions to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity at the community level must be accelerated and scaled up. She mentioned that one quarter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from land use, highlighting its capacity to be part of the solution through carbon sequestration. Semedo underscored that halting deforestation and fostering sustainable management of forests is important for meeting SDGs 13 (climate action) and 15 (life on land), and stressed the importance of sharing information and experiences, innovations in technology and finance, and partnership, and called for unlocking the potential for nature-based climate solutions sooner rather than later. Fabiola Muñoz Dodero, Minister of Environment, Peru, noted that REDD+ puts the focus on the important values that forests provide for people and systems, and brings civil society, indigenous peoples and other relevant stakeholders together to work towards a common goal. She highlighted that REDD+ projects have helped Peru finalize their process of land titling for indigenous peoples. She highlighted that in Peru’s climate agenda, forests take up half of the discussions and underscored that managing forests creates shared value for the people, especially to communities involved in its management. She noted that sustainable investment is needed, and expressed her hope that forests can be a central part of political discussions in the coming years in Peru. Sveinung Rotevatn, Deputy Minister for Climate and Environment, Norway, stressed that there is no solution to climate change without improving the way forests and land are used, pointing to an opportunity to reduce GHG emissions across all landscapes. He noted that the technologies for protecting forests are known and cost-effective but need to be scaled up through enhanced public policies, land regulations and fiscal incentives. He stressed the need for global agrobusiness to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains and the need to keep governments and businesses accountable. David Saah, Associate Professor and Director of Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of San Francisco, noted that the challenges related to the collection of forest and land-use data include image resolution from satellites, getting field access, and the mapping of complex environments. He noted that with new technologies, these challenges can be tackled by analyzing remote sensing data from one location by one person. He explained that the accessibility of data has been increased and introduced the Collect Earth Online platform, which allows to better capture forest inventories, collect transparent reference data, create land cover maps, and summarize and distribute those data. Roselyn Fosuah Adjeh, Ag. Director Climate Change Directorate at Forestry Commission, Ghana, talked about South-South cooperation and shared experiences with other countries in Africa, stating that Ghana has had successes through learning experiences. She noted that these partnerships have helped them build a national forest monitoring system, and strengthen political will. She gave an example of lessons learned from Sudan’s progress in putting in place structures to enhance the gum arabic value chain and highlighted Ghana’s commitment to produce a win-win scenario, where the production of cocoa is intensified while keeping the forests healthy by addressing land-use planning at the subnational level and raising the profile of farmers. Pierre Rousseau, Senior Strategic Advisor for Sustainable Business, BNP Paribas Bank, introduced the Tropical Landscape Finance Facility, based on a cooperation between BNP Paribas and UN Environment, which helps Indonesia promote economic development and contribute to the country’s climate targets under the Paris Agreement. It does this by offering long-term finance to projects and companies that stimulate green growth, increase resilience, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He noted that the purpose of the Facility is to improve livelihoods based on deforestation-free, economically-viable business models. He said that in terms of collaborative financing, bringing all actors together is a challenge. He explained that long-term investors are interested in the project because it helps them manage risk, and that blended finance can upgrade the rating of bonds up to AAA status and sell it to funds. He also highlighted the Sustainable India Finance Facility, wich supports the Zero Budget Natural Farming project in Andhra Pradesh where six million farmers are moving to zero fertilizer use, and stressed the need for good data in this regard. He concluded pointing to a pipeline of USD 15 billion of projects and said financing can reallocate money to the appropriate project. In the ensuing discussion, panelists responded to questions on traditional knowledge being an important component of the discussions, the costs of information and data, the sustainability of technologies, and capacity building. One panelist noted that there are no personal costs involved in data usage since data is provided for free, with the expectation that it will be used for the greater good. In concluding remarks, Boccucci noted that now is time to turn ambitions into actions incrementally, and that radical transformation at scale is urgent. Maria Helena Semedo, Deputy Director-General, FAO Fabiola Muñoz Dodero, Minister of Environment, Peru Moderator Mario Boccucci, Head, UN-REDD Programme Secretariat Speakers listen to introductory remarks Sveinung Rotevatn, Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway L-R: Mario Boccuci, Head, UN-REDD Programme Secretariat; Roselyn Fosuah Adjeh, Ag. Director Climate Change Directorate at Forestry Commission, Ghana; Pierre Rousseau, Senior Strategic Advisor for Sustainable Business, BNP Paribas Bank; David Saah, Associate Professor and Director of Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of San Francisco David Saah, Associate Professor and Director of Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of San Francisco Roselyn Fosuah Adjeh, Ag. Director Climate Change Directorate at Forestry Commission, Ghana Pierre Rousseau, Senior Strategic Advisor for Sustainable Business, BNP Paribas Bank A participant takes notes at the event Participants pose questions Pierre Rousseau, Senior Strategic Advisor for Sustainable Business, BNP Paribas Bank; David Saah, Associate Professor and Director of Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of San Francisco CONTACTS Florian Eisele, UN-REDD | florian.eisele@un.org MORE INFORMATION http://www.un-redd.org/ Speeding up the Cooldown: Scaling up Regenerative Solutions to Climate Change Presented by Biovision, IFOAM-Organics International, the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), Regeneration International and Shumei International L-R: Hans Herren, President, Biovision Foundation, Switzerland; Mercedes López Martinez, Director, Vía Orgánica, Mexico; Moderator Precious Phiri, Founding Director, EarthWisdom Consulting Co., Zimbabwe; André Leu, International Director, Regeneration International, Australia; Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Founder and Director, Natural Agriculture Development Programme, Zambia; and Shamika Mone, Treasurer, Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI) This event focused on showcasing concrete “shovel-ready” solutions and frameworks to accelerate carbon sequestration, food sovereignty and biodiversity preservation. Panelists discussed efforts to scale up agroecology, consumer campaigns, true cost accounting and policy change to create resilient communities and ecosystems. Precious Phiri, Founding Director, EarthWisdom Consulting Co., Zimbabwe, moderated the event, noting that the solution to climate change lies in collective action. Shamika Mone, Treasurer, OFAI, said that India views climate change as a Western problem, but stressed that science points to global anthropogenic climate change. She underscored that the awareness in the country needs to be raised to ensure that people link climate change with food insecurity, water shortages, and relocations due to sea-level rise in coastal communities. Pointing to chronic drought in more than 100 districts and related farmer suicides, she drew attention to a water conservation “peoples’ movement” to address water shortages, and called attention to the role of rice paddies in controlling temperature. She highlighted the reintroduction of traditional rice varieties, noting that local governments are providing funding to small scale farmers to return to traditional organic paddy farming, with climate co-benefits. André Leu, International Director, Regeneration International, Australia, explained the urgency of climate change in the agriculture sector, stressing that at 1°C of warming, the earth is already experiencing unprecedented heat waves and flooding events. He underscored that the soil is the second largest CO2 reservoir after the ocean, and underlined the need to sequester 17Gt of carbon per year. He described pasture cropping, which increases soil nutrients while also sequestering 80Gt of carbon per year. He also highlighted Biologically Enhanced Agricultural Management (BEAM) which can be applied at any level of agriculture and has high sequestration potential; and drew attention to regenerative or holistic grazing, noting that all these agricultural practices would reverse climate change. Mercedes López Martinez, Director, Vía Orgánica, Mexico, noted the there is no civilization without migration, but highlighting that current migration is also due to climate impacts, which have an impact on food security, poverty, and unemployment. She shared experiences of aligning migration with regeneration practices, noting that these projects employ migrants in agroecological projects in the Chiapas region and elsewhere, noting that these traditional agricultural practices are organic and sustainable. She highlighted regenerative projects that are replicable, as they generate income, and offer social regeneration by strengthening the community fabric. Stating that the African farmer is overlooked, Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Founder and Director, Natural Agriculture Development Programme, Zambia, she stressed the need for more investment in agriculture. She shared that there was a lack of access to farming inputs and that women were excluded from the development conversations before her organization partnered with Shumei International, and highlighted partnerships with Regeneration International to enhance climate co-benefits, as well as address poverty and hunger. Noting that many times there is a lack of community ownership, she stressed that the “community is the project” and is the change factor in the whole climate change-agriculture equation. She described the no-cost farming initiative servicing over 5000 farmers in Zambia, the Gambia and Malawi, that encourages natural agriculture methods including mulching, land management, and utilizing cooperative models to enhance market access. She said drawing down carbon needs to be based on the partnerships and infrastructure support to push the initiative to scale and really make a difference. Hans Herren, President, Biovision Foundation, Switzerland, discussed success factors for implementation, noting the need for momentum to drive the positive changes we hear about. He highlighted the Push-Pull Technology which reintroduces ecosystem services that have been replaced by machines. Stressing that the soil is a solution to the raising temperatures as well as food security, he said that once the soil is healthy the land becomes more resilient to drought and flooding. Outlining success factors for upscaling change in the climate-agriculture sphere, he called for: an inclusive process, which is needs-driven and multi-stakeholder in nature; long-term programmes as opposed to short-term projects, which points to a need for transformation policy; and partnerships among NGOs that pool resources together to implement common goals of food security. He stressed that agriculture and food systems are the key to achieving climate change goals, but lamented that the UNFCCC process will take years to get “just the paperwork in order” and called for a paradigm shift in our approach to climate change, by connecting Nationally Determined Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals. In the discussion, participants, inter alia, queried the role of corporations in regenerative practices; called for information on how to measure farmers’ contribution to carbon sequestration; and highlighted the need for value-chain fairness to ensure farmers get a fair price. L-R: Moderator Precious Phiri, Founding Director, EarthWisdom Consulting Co., Zimbabwe; Shamika Mone, Treasurer, OFAI; Mercedes López Martinez, Director, Vía Orgánica, Mexico; Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Founder and Director, Natural Agriculture Development Programme, Zambia; Hans Herren, President, Biovision Foundation, Switzerland; and André Leu, International Director, Regeneration International, Australia Moderator Precious Phiri, Founding Director, EarthWisdom Consulting Co., Zimbabwe Shamika Mone, Treasurer, OFAI Mercedes López Martinez, Director, Vía Orgánica, Mexico André Leu, International Director, Regeneration International, Australia Barbara Hachipuka Banda, Founder and Director, Natural Agriculture Development Programme, Zambia Hans Herren, President, Biovision Foundation, Switzerland Daniele Cesano, Global Climate Action Florence Reed, Sustainable Harvest International Participants listen to Barbara Hachipuka Banda’s address CONTACT Brianne Chai-Onn | chaionnb@shumei-international.org MORE INFORMATION https://attend-emea.broadcast.skype.com/en-US/2a6c12ad-406a-4f33-b686-f78ff5822208/3e5459a4-610c-4420-a53c-ce44effe1b35/player?cid=4sqxjsfjgrivvxbtjegevc7zgfptvtdftp57eldaqu7an52ajsoq&rid=EMEA (click on join the event) http://shumei-international.org/speed-up-the-cool-down-scaling-up-regenerative-solutions-to-climate-change/ http://www.biovision.ch http://www.shumei-international.org http://www.ifoam.org http://www.regenerationinternational.org Clean and Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency Presented by the State of Qatar A family photo of the Qatar delegation This event concerned the impacts of climate change in Qatar as well as various efforts which have been made by state and private partners to drive a transition towards renewable energy and energy efficiency across the country, given that, at present, Qatar maintains oil and gas as significant presences in its energy mix. Mohammed Al-Bader, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar, moderated the event.  Veronica Bermudez, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), presented on the potential effects of climate change on energy security in Qatar, as well as the research and development initiatives which have worked to mitigate negative impacts. Qatar, she noted, has a large energy sector, primarily concerned with oil and gas and noted the importance of reducing the country’s dependence on thermally-generated electric power by developing a clean energy portfolio. In particular, she described solar photovoltaics (PV) as a viable solution to this challenge, given that the country-level profiles of energy consumption are well-suited to the supply of solar power theoretically available. Raising the country’s target for 20% PV adoption by 2030, she said that water desalinization is a significant driver of energy demand in Qatar, and that any low-carbon energy pathway needs to account for its presence. Abdul Aziz Al-Hammadi, Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA), presented on the theoretical demand for solar energy use in the Qatari energy mix. He mentioned that renewables’ presence has risen rapidly in the global energy landscape, and that solar PV will be more competitive and reach grid parity by 2030; meanwhile, fossil fuels will then no longer be profitable because of increased social and technical costs. He outlined Qatar’s commitments to: diversify its energy sources; decrease its dependency on natural gas; and lower its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. He also described the construction of a mega solar plant near Al-Kharsaa, which is projected to have a capacity of 700 MW by 2022. Al-Hammadi also described the issuance of a renewable energy policy, which will include feed-in tariffs for private citizens, and concluded by mentioning Qatar’s continued commitment to the creation of a renewable energy portfolio which can satisfy the needs of its citizens. Maksymilian Kochanski, Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia, Poland, reported back on the results of a research project concerning smart cities and behavioural changes as efforts to generate energy efficiency. He said that the “Step By Step” project was a pan-European project to encourage energy conservation behaviours by presenting homeowners with data about what practices their neighbours were adopting to reduce their energy use, thereby creating social pressure to adopt energy-efficient practices. The study found that after one year, one-third of commitments towards these practices were still being upheld. He explained the theory of social “nudges,” where behavioral change can be achieved not by imposing rules, but merely by informing citizens of the impacts of their actions and how they stand in comparison to their neighbours. The project concluded that: adopting energy-efficient home practices did make a significant difference in energy-related bills; increased knowledge in the community; avoided CO2 emissions; and lowered costs related to morbidity which would have occurred from the additional pollution. In other words, he explained, "it is possible to get a real decrease in energy consumption by using social pressure to put energy efficiency first." Abdulhadi Nasser Almarri, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar, gave a presentation which explored recent efforts on the governmental level related to climate change adaptation and mitigation. He began by presenting Qatar’s National Climate Policy, detailing its objectives to: diversify economic pathways; reduce GHG emissions; create a new, dedicated department on climate change; and raise public awareness. He listed different adaptation measures being considered, including: greening and landscaping efforts; building wastewater treatment infrastructure; and increased coastal zone management efforts. He also described Qatar’s recent mitigation efforts, including: reducing gas flaring during extraction processes; an increased focus on renewable energy production; energy efficiency and reduction efforts; and carbon capture and sequestration efforts. Almarri concluded by presenting Qatar’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement, highlighting its vision to “achieve socio-economic development with the basis of social justice and balanced cooperation between private and public activity.”  In Q&A sessions throughout the event, panelists answered questions about: other oil-producing countries’ CO2 emissions; the dynamics of water desalinization and electricity production; whether solar PV production fits to supply Qatar’s energy demands; technical specifications of solar farms; the factors which can influence energy demand; and the necessary transition measures between high- and low-carbon energy systems. L-R: Veronica Bermudez, QEERI; Abdulhadi Nasser Almarri and Ahmed Mohammad Al Sada, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar; Abdul Aziz Al-Hammadi, KAHRAMAA; and Maksymilian Kochanski, Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia Moderator Mohammed Al-Bader, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar Veronica Bermudez, QEERI Mohcine Bakhat, Morocco Abdul Aziz Al-Hammadi, KAHRAMAA Justice Zvaita, Zimbabwe Maksymilian Kochanski, Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia Khalid Ahmed Abdelhafez, Sudan Abdulhadi Nasser Almarri, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar Panelists and participants during the event Panelists receive tokens of appreciation from Ahmed Mohammad Al Sada. Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar Participants from Sudan during the discussion A bird’s eye view of the Qatar pavilion during the event CONTACTS Mohammed Al-Bader | mobader@mme.gov.qa MORE INFORMATION http://www.mme.gov.qa/cui/index.dox?siteID=2 Around the Venue

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Tuesday, 11 December 2018: NDC Partnership: Taking Action to Raise Climate Ambition in LDCs and SIDS through NDCs and Long-Term Strategies Low-Emissions Solutions Conference (LESC): High-Level Dinner Dialogue Photos by IISD/ENB | Natalia Mroz / Diego Noguera For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page NDC Partnership: Taking Action to Raise Climate Ambition in LDCs and SIDS through NDCs and Long-Term Strategies Presented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) L-R: Dolf Gielen, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); Al-Hamdou Dorsouma, African Development Bank (AfDB); Jenny Kim, GGGI; and Moderator Orestes Anastasia, GGGI This event included senior government officials from Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS) who have championed mitigation measures in their countries, showcasing examples of projects for raising mitigation ambitions through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and long-term strategies. In the first part of the event, Orestes Anastasia, GGGI, moderated a panel discussion on the topic. In the second part, participants engaged in a dialogue on national and international mitigation ambitions. Jean Pierre Mugabo, Ministry of Environment, Rwanda, set the scene for his country by mentioning that Rwanda is a small, developing state and has low greenhouse gas emissions compared to the global average. He addressed Rwanda’s ambitions to improve climate resilience by creating inclusive pathways to growth, centered on initiatives in the energy, agriculture transport; land use and forestry sectors. He pointed to Rwanda’s Green Forest Policy, which aims to convert significant amounts of agricultural land back to forests through agroforestry management techniques by 2024. Mugabo concluded by mentioning the importance of partnerships with other organizations, including the NDC Partnership, the GGGI, and local and regional knowledge groups, to monitor the impacts of climate change and reduce vulnerabilities to these impacts.  Jenny Kim, GGGI, stated that investment in green sectors facilitates job creation and increases productivity, contributing to economic growth. She showcased GGGI’s collaboration with partner countries to materialize green growth in the field and help them develop ambitious NDCs and effectively implement them. Kim stressed that GGGI also assists countries in developing national green growth resilient strategies, as well as introducing and revising policies that combine economic growth and environmental sustainability. On the issue of ensuring finance for the implementation of countries’ strategies and ambitions, Kim underscored that GGGI helps partner countries establish a national financial vehicle. She highlighted examples of Rwanda’s Green Fund and Senegal’s national renewable energy and energy efficiency fund, and explained that GGGI helps with mobilizing finance for investment in the green sector, facilitating countries gain access to the Green Climate Fund. She reiterated the Institute’s commitment to continue working with SIDS to effectively implement a high level of NDCs. Dolf Gielen, IRENA, noted that 80% of NDCs include some sort of renewable energy targets with more than 40 countries mentioning adaptation and resilience building. He said that technological innovation is significant, showcasing IRENA’s analysis on renewables in the European Union, which shows that more renewables would be cost-effective today compared with 2014, given improvements in technology. Gielen highlighted IRENA’s collaboration with developed and developing countries as well as regional partnerships, and stressed that long-term energy planning should be based on sound modeling and the latest information available. He also noted the Agency’s efforts to enhance the policy framework and develop transition roadmaps for partner countries, and underscored the provision of project preparation support through their atlas of renewable potentials and guidelines for the development of bankable project proposals. He concluded by emphasizing the potential to increase the renewables component of NDCs and expressed IRENA’s commitment to provide the best possible information to countries that need it in to implement that potential. Al-Hamdou Dorsouma, AfDB, gave context for LDCs and SIDS in Africa, pointing out that most of them have submitted very ambitious targets for mitigation by 2030 compared with other countries. What they need now, he said, is financial, technological and capacity-building support. He commented that commitments for adaptation in LDCs are too broad and too vague compared to mitigation, and that more work needs to be done by countries to build implementation arrangements for adaptation within their NDCs. He brought up the AfDB’s efforts to help boost adaptation and resilience in Africa by promoting mitigation and lo- carbon development, aiming to create an enabling environment for the private sector to provide its own support. He announced that the Bank has decided to “stop supporting fossil fuel projects”. In the subsequent question-and-answer session, participants and panelists discussed: connecting the development objectives of LDCs and SIDS with their mitigation and adaptation targets; the difficulty of changing governments’ mindsets towards green growth and maintaining political momentum once projects are enacted; the necessity of private funds to help create an enabling environment across Africa; the difficulty of maintaining skilled personnel in the public sector; and what raising adaptation ambitions truly looks like. Some participants expressed doubts that financial institutions are moving too slowly to adequately support countries’ efforts, while others pointed to the availability of international finance as a potential solution. Moderator Orestes Anastasia, GGGI Jenny Kim, GGGI Participants listen to Jenny Kim’s address Jean Pierre Mugabo, Ministry of Environment, Rwanda A participant takes a photo of Jean Pierre Mugabo Dolf Gielen, IRENA Al-Hamdou Dorsouma, AfDB Pablo Vieira, World Resources Institute Paul Stevers, Kenya CONTACTS Orestes Anastasia | orestes.anastasia@gggi.org MORE INFORMATION http://gggi.org/ Low-Emissions Solutions Conference (LESC): High-Level Dinner Dialogue Presented by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), in collaboration with the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and ICLEI – Local Government for Sustainability (ICLEI) Thelma Krug, Intergovernmental on Climate Change (IPCC) Vice-Chair The LESC dinner convened to facilitate open dialogue between business, government and academia on the role of land-use and natural climate solutions as an essential component of climate action. The event also focused on the land-energy nexus and its role in the transition to a low-carbon future. In his remarks, Gino van Begin, Secretary-General, ICLEI, emphasized the importance of this dinner in bringing together businesses, civil society, cities and research institutions, saying it sends an important signal to negotiators at COP 24 that these sectors can cooperate in developing climate solutions. He noted LESC’s relationship with the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action and previous gatherings at the 2017 New York Climate Week and COP 23. He closed by challenging attendees to collectively find solutions that can help us raise our ambition and achieve the 1.5˚C temperature target. Maria Mendiluce, WBCSD, noted that from the outside, it always appears as though negotiations are progressing slowly. She stressed the importance of engaging with the public on the importance of addressing climate change, adding that businesses, cities and researchers are well placed for this due to established relationships with customers and citizens. Mendiluce also said that this dinner is specifically focused on natural climate solutions, which can affordably provide over 30% of the climate solution. Rasmus Valanko, WBCSD, Elena Crete, SDSN, and Yunus Arikan, ICLEI, co-moderated a dialogue on “Key Pathways to 1.5°C: The Role of the Land Sector in Ambitious Climate Action.” Thelma Krug, IPCC Vice Chair, citing the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C (SR15), highlighted that climate change impacts and pathways should be addressed in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She noted that the 1.5°C scenario requires rapid transitions in energy, land, ecosystems, and infrastructure, highlighting the need for an increase of 70-80% in renewable energy for electricity by 2050. Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, Global Environment Facility (GEF), underscored that transformation is key to catalyze the change to meet the 2°C scenario, if not 1.5°C. She highlighted the essential role of multi-stakeholder coalitions, including with governments, cities and academia, to move all decarbonization pathways forward. Ishii then pointed to the potential loss of nature’s ability to provide solutions, such asin the Amazon, which is approaching a “tipping point” as a carbon sink. Moderators opened the floor for participants to share examples of climate action. Felipe Villela, reNature Foundation, said his work involves restoration of degraded lands through agroforestry. Elim Sritaba, Asia Pulp and Paper, highlighted her company’s success in eliminating the use of natural forests for pulp production in 2013. Martin Frick, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, highlighted the recent charter signed with leading fashion companies and encouraged further collaborations of this kind. Andrew Cooper, Green Party Local Councillor, United Kingdom, shared a local project to plant over 1000 fruit trees that involved local children. Joan Krajewski, Microsoft, encouraged attendees to apply for their USD 50 million fund “AI for Earth” with innovative projects focusing on water, agriculture, biodiversity or climate change. Rebecca Heaton, Drax Group, described their demonstration project using bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, which is now capturing one tonne of CO2 per day. Flavia Bellaguarda, Youth Climate Leaders, shared her organization’s work to prepare youth for embarking on climate-focused careers. Adriana Facchiano, student, Moravian College, highlighted her university’s efforts to implement the SDGs at the local level through the Millennium Campus Network. In a session on scaling up natural climate solutions, Alema Bibi, WBCSD, introduced WBCSD’s video on natural climate solutions, which highlighted that natural climate solutions could offer up to 37% of the emission reductions needed between now and 2030 to limit global warming to 2°C. In an interactive dialogue, participants introduced best practices on multi-stakeholder coalitions, inter alia: a multi-stakeholder coalition’s efforts in São Paulo, Brazil, to address water pollution, especially by bringing money from the private sector; and a sewage system utilizing wastewater and land water in the same pipe, with large natural reserves in a town in Weststellingwerf, the Netherlands. Andreas Ahrens, IKEA, answering the question on how to reach 1 billion people to take climate actions in their home countries, said, “we need more, we can do more.” He underscored the need to invest in ensuring sustainable supply chains that integrate, for example, positive changes in land-use management while building resilience. On finance and innovation, Jennifer Morris, Conservation International, noting that only 2% of global climate finance goes to forests due to the lack of demand, highlighted the importance of carbon pricing and green bonds to get investors involved. She also said that now is “the age of adaptation,” and stressed the role of the media in raising awareness about the urgency to address climate change adaptation. In a second round of sharing climate actions. Victor Salviati, Sustainable Amazon Foundation, mentioned his organization’s efforts to engage indigenous and traditional communities for sustainable development in the Amazon. Ralf Pfitzner, Volkswagen Group, highlighted an upcoming electric vehicle that will have a carbon-neutral supply chain. Luc Bas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, called for more efforts to include nature-based solutions in cities. Bernhard Stormyr, Yara, stressed the need for restoring land degraded by agriculture and that agrobusiness can contribute to this. Jeremy Manion, Arbor Day Foundation, shared a reforestation initiative in Mississippi, US, and commended the role of the private sector in supporting such projects. Dario Abramskiehn, Climate Policy Initiative, talked about the The Lab, an incubator for climate finance solutions, which is open for idea submissions until 19 December 2018. Pierre Rousseau, BNP Paribas, highlighted their collaboration with the UN Environment Programme to finance agroforestry and agroecology projects. Tomasz Chruszczow, High-Level Climate Champion for COP 24, Poland, highlighted Poland as an example of the sustainability transition, from a country based on mining and heavy industry with high levels of pollution and environmental degradation to one moving towards a low-carbon economy. He cited the Polish Environment Protection Fund, created in 1989, as a key pillar of this transition. He also said that environmental services must be properly priced, noting that we have long taken the benefits of nature for granted. Chruszczow identified three words that are currently paramount in the negotiations: transition, collaboration and innovation. He closed by reinforcing the importance of circular economy approaches to reducing emissions in waste and industrial production. In his closing remarks, Martin Frick, UNFCCC Secretariat, called on all sectors to act with inspiration and not be limited in their ambition by what we currently know how to do right now, noting we must be planning for the decades ahead. He also stressed we must go beyond “sustainability,” which privileges the status quo, and be thinking more about “restoration.” Frick also said that farmers should be thought of as potential agents of change who help keep our life support systems working, both in terms of feeding the world and protecting nature. Elim Sritaba, Asia Pulp & Paper Andrew Cooper, Green Party, Local Councillor, UK Elena Crete, SDSN Ramus Valako, WBCSD Participants at the event Alfredo Sirkis, Fórum Brasileiro de Mudança do Clima, with Elena Crete, SDSN, and Ramus Valako, WBCSD Naoko Ishii, GEF CEO and Chairperson Yunus Arikan, ICLEI Adriana Facchiano, Millennium Campus Network Felipe Villela, reNature CONTACTS Elena Crete, SDSN | elena.crete@unsdsn.org MORE INFORMATION http://lowemissions.solutions/event/lesc-at-cop24-dinner

Highlights for Saturday, 8 December 2018 Delegates huddle during the SBSTA closing plenary Posted by IISD Reporting Services on Sunday, 9 December 2018 The Katowice Climate Change Conference concluded its first week on Saturday. Each of the subsidiary bodies held their closing plenaries and forwarded work related to the Paris Agreement Work Programme (PAWP) to the COP for further work during the second week of the conference.Decisions for several other issues were finalized and sent for adoption by the COP, CMP, and CMA, including a decision on the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples’ Platform, which establishes a Facilitative Working Group, with equal representation of parties and indigenous peoples.On the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, delegates were unable to agree whether they “welcomed” or “noted” the report. Many countries called attention to how the Special Report outlined the impacts of climate change, and supported the work of the IPCC, urging welcoming the report.As the subsidiary bodies finished their work, Sarah Baashan, Co-Chair of the Ad Hoc Working Group for the Paris Agreement (APA) said: "We have seen how a small group of people can achieve a great difference in the fight against global change."Next week, discussions will continue, and many expect the ministers to help make political choices that can unlock persistent disagreements in the PAWP.For more details on the day's events and to hear what delegates said in the corridors, see our daily Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily reports, daily web coverage, and a summary and analysis from the Katowice Climate Change Conference – December 2018. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page APA Contact Group Delegates during the APA contact group Beth Lavender, Canada, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 4 - adaptation communication Andrew Rakestraw, US, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 5 - transparency framework Outi Honkatukia, Finland, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 6 - global stocktake Sin Liang Cheah, Singapore, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 3 - mitigation APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand María del Pilar Bueno, Argentina, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 8 - further matters, Adaptation Fund Janine Coye-Felson, Belize, Co-Facilitator for APA agenda item 7 - committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance The draft APA conclusions are distributed in plenary Delegates read the draft APA conclusions The final APA family photo Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on further matters - Adaptation Fund (APA item 8) Contact group on matters relating to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (CMP agenda item 4) Family photo of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement SBI Closing Plenary SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, eSwatini, convenes the SBI closing plenary SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, eSwatini Ovais Sarmad, UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary SBSTA Closing Plenary SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France, convenes the SBSTA closing plenary SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France Catherine Stewart, Canada Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia Delegates huddle during the meeting UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa and members of the UNFCCC Secretariat Delegates from Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation Delegates huddle UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Francois Paulette, Indigenous Peoples Ian Fry, Tuvalu Representatives of the Indigenous Peoples sing at the conclusion of the SBSTA closing plenary Joint Plenary of SBI, SBSTA, and APA View of the dais during plenary Gebru Jember Endalew, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Amjad Abdulla, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Patrick Suckling, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Jacob Werksman, EU Wael Aboulmagd, Egypt, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Martine Badibang Kamunga, Democratic Republic of the Congo, speaking on behalf of the Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Laura Juliana Arciniegas Rojas, Colombia, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand, gavel the APA to a close for the last time The 'Fabulous Four' - SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France, SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, eSwatini, and APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand COP Plenary View of the dais during the COP Plenary Civil Society Climate Change Protest in Katowice Security presence outside the COP 24 venue Approximately 3,000 demonstrators take to the streets of Katowice to demand political actions that prevent temperatures rising by more than 1.5°C Around the Venue UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa and Michał Kurtyka, COP 24 President, walk through the venue Marcela Main Sancha, Secretary to the COP Patrick Suckling, Australia, speaks with delegates Stella Gama, Malawi, speaks with delegates from Saudi Arabia Yungratna Srivastava, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs), speaks with Trigg Talley, US APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Delegates from Fiji Xiang Gao, China Delegates from Europe Seyni Nafo, Mali, during an interview UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa, Michał Kurtyka, COP 24 President, and Alex Saier, UNFCCC Secretariat, during a press conference Around the Japanese Pavilion

Highlights for Friday, 7 December 2018 A delegate reads draft negotiating text before an informal consultation Posted by IISD Reporting Services on Saturday, 8 December 2018 The Katowice Climate Change Conference continued in informal consultations throughout the day, focusing on the issues related to the Paris Agreement Work Programme (PAWP). Under the Ad Hoc Working Group for the Paris Agreement (APA), parties discussed the new texts issued by the APA Co-Chairs. The APA met in a stocktaking session in the evening, where the Co-Chairs announced that they would issue a new iteration of draft text in the morning of Saturday, 8 December. With one day left for the technical round of negotiations, several delegations worked to ensure that their preferred options were reflected in the texts before more politically-focused negotiations convene in the second week of the conference.For more details on the day's events and to hear what delegates said in the corridors, see our daily Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily reports, daily web coverage, and a summary and analysis from the Katowice Climate Change Conference – December 2018. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Informal Consultations throughout the Day Family photo of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples' Platform SBI informal consultations on the development of a public registry referred to in Paris Agreement Article 7.12 (adaptation communication) SBI/SBSTA informal consultations on the joint annual report of the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Informal consultations on implementation and compliance (APA item 7) Between informal consultations, delegates read draft negotiating text APA Stocktake Delegates in plenary during the APA Stocktake Gebru Jember Endalew, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Mohamed Nasr, Gabon, speaking on behalf of the African Group Franz Perrez, Switzerland, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Majid Shafiepour, Iran, speaking on behalf of the Like-minded Developing Countries (LMDCs) APA Co-Chairs Jo Tyndall, New Zealand, and Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Marcia Levaggi, Argentina, speaking on behalf of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay Nicole Wilke, EU Facilitative Sharing of Views Delegates during the facilitative sharing of views Country presentation by Mongolia Country presentation by Togo Delegates from Japan and the EU ask questions during the session Multilateral Assessment Delegates during the multilateral assessment Country presentation by Germany Country presentation by the Czech Republic Delegates from Indonesia and the US ask questions during the session SBI and SBSTA Chairs' Dialogue with Observer Organizations View of the dais during the dialogue with observers SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, eSwatini, and SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France Moderator Ceris Jones, Farmers Norine Kennedy, Business and Industry NGOs (BINGOs) Manfred Treber, Climate Action Network (CAN) International Zenabou Segda, Women and Gender Bert de Wel, Trade Union NGOs (TUNGOs) Civil Society Demonstrations In an action organized by CliMates, members of civil society advocate for the 'eight rights-based principles of the Paris Agreement preamble' to be included in the 'Paris Agreement Rulebook' Members of the International Federation of Medical Students' Organizations raise awareness about the impact that climate change has on human health Members of civil society call for climate justice, highlighting that '1.5°C is key' to ensuring a sustainable future Around the Venue Delegates gather at the start of the day Youth delegates from the Emirates Diplomatic Academy, UAE, and Mari Luomi, Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Carlos Fuller, Belize (left), speaks with delegates Anna Schulz, Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), speaks with Ian Fry, Tuvalu Delegates between sessions Delegates meet informally The National Poland Forest Group plays in the exhibition area