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The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Tuesday, 15 November 2016: Taking the Clean Energy Transformation from Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to Action High-Level Event on Sustainable Economic Transition and Economic Diversification Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implementation and Experience Sharing Carbon Markets and Carbon Pricing in Asia Sand and Dust Storms SDG 17: Building Capacity for 2030 Agenda through Climate Action Solutions for Regional Implementation Advancing Global Goals on Forests & Climate Change IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Taking the Clean Energy Transformation from Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to ActionPresented by the International Council for Sustainable Energy (ICSE), European Business Council for Sustainable Energy (e5), and Global Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Institute Lisa Jacobson, President, Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BCSE), moderated the session. In his keynote speech Lord Nicholas Stern, London School of Economics (LSE), underscored the need to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions in the next 20 years, as well as avoiding lock-in in carbon-intensive infrastructure, as critical to reach net zero GHG emissions in 60-70 years. He said that in order to achieve this, CCS has to be considered seriously and be a big part of the response. He emphasized that, by mid-century, 4-5 Gt of CO2 reductions through CCS will be needed. In his introduction, Brad Page, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Global CCS Institute, referring to the newly released 2016 Global Status Report on CCS underscored that CCS is a key technology for addressing climate change. He noted that there are 38 large-scale CCS facilities with a capacity of 70 MtCO2/year in the pipeline, with 21 in operation or under construction. He stressed there are many industrial applications for which CCS is the only mitigation option. Maarten Neelis, Ecofys, stressed that one year after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, national policies have made little progress. He emphasized the need for energy efficiency, a shift away from fossil fuels, and carbon pricing. Kane Thornton, Chief Executive, Clean Energy Council of Australia, said renewables such as wind and solar will continue to be deployed because in many countries they are the lowest cost options. He outlined challenges such as the lack of long-term policies and grid integration challenges. Grady Crosby, Vice-president, Johnson Controls, explained that his company’s sustainability strategy is based on three pillars: meeting customers’ sustainability needs; enhancing sustainable operations; and sustainability of the supply chain. James Wolf, President, Global Policy Associates, stressed the need for CCS, noting that in the developing world 70% of energy will be from fossil fuels by 2040. He underscored enhanced methane recovery with CCS as a win-win technology with climate and environmental benefits. Christoph Bals, Policy Director, Germanwatch, described the low-carbon development plan for Germany as a re-industrialization process, noting that if the US steps out as a competitor, that would be good for the German clean energy industry. Kolja Kuse, President, Clean Carbon Technology, emphasized the use of carbon fiber composites derived from algal oil as a way to replace cement, steel and aluminum, establishing carbon neutrality in the building sector and allowing for carbon sequestration. He estimated this could achieve emission reductions of 4 GT CO2 per year. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others: the need for a carbon price; savings as a driver for industry action; how to include carbon fibers in national plans; life-cycle analysis of carbon fiber materials; and the consistent underestimation of renewables in International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts. Britta Waschl, European Business Council for Sustainable Energy (e5), closed the session by calling for ambitious action now. Kolja Kuse, President, Clean Carbon Technology, explained how to make the building materials sector carbon-neutral by using carbon fibers derived from algae processed with solar energy, combined with natural materials such as granite, and disposed of in a manner providing carbon capture for up to 10,000 years. Brad Page, CEO, Global CCS Institute, compared renewable energy with CCS investment since 2006 and said that CCS investment needs to be ramped up. Maarten Neelis, Ecofys, said national climate plans and projected fossil fuel growth do not match in many countries. Christoph Bals, Policy Director, Germanwatch, underscored the use of carbon fiber to reduce both carbon emissions and concentrations. Kane Thornton, Chief Executive, Clean Energy Council of Australia, said short-term policies have created a challenging investment environment for renewable energy projects. James Wolf, President, Global Policy Associates, said in the near term only CCS can control carbon emissions. Contacts: Lisa Jacobson | ljacobson@bcse.org Mark Bonner| mark.bonner@globalccsinstitute.com Kolja Kuse | kolja.kuse@e5.org More Information: www.bcse.org High-Level Event on Sustainable Economic Transition and Economic DiversificationPresented by the Presidency of the 22nd session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP 22) Noting that the Paris Agreement is not an end in itself but a framework for “us to work together and act to honor our shared future,” Nizar Baraka, President of the Scientific Committee, on behalf of the COP 22 President, noted the need for a clear long-term plan, concrete actions and programmes, and timelines for these in order to ensure an equitable transition to low-carbon development. Tomas Anker Christensen, on behalf of the President of the UN General Assembly, noted that the sustainable transition to low-carbon economies and economic diversification will be vital to implementing the Paris Agreement, drawing attention to the need to find a balance between the challenges and opportunities presented by the transition in order to get the mix right for individual countries. Welcoming the “durable, flexible and credible” Paris Agreement, David Nabarro, speaking on behalf of the UN Secretary-General, stressed the need to move away from fossils fuels and towards low emission development, calling for national and regional policy decisions to take into account the commitments contained in the Paris Agreement. Tomasz Chruszczow, Chair, Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), moderated a discussion session. Andrei Marcu summarized a background paper, which notes that, while some countries are advanced in transformative economic pathways, others will require assistance, and highlights the need for buy-in from stakeholders working on climate change and sustainable development. Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, United Arab Emirates (UAE), said that even before the Paris Agreement his country had policies in place to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, adding that: climate action is being mainstreamed into all sectors; the government is working with the private sector to achieve green growth; and there is a need to turn NDCs into investment instruments. A representative of the European Commission noted that the EU has decades of experience in green technology innovations, stressing the importance of the low-carbon transition and noting that there is no conflict between economic growth and environmental protection. He highlighted an EU decision to spend 20% of its budget on climate action.  Hafez Ghanem, World Bank, outlined the World Bank’s commitment to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including through: increasing financing by a third; increasing adaptation support; supporting adaptation and mitigation policies; crowding in private sector finance; and supporting collective action in the region. Frank Rijsberman, Head, Global Green Growth Initiative (GGGI), described the work of the institute, including on assisting countries in developing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and on building in-country capacity to develop bankable projects. Stressing that “you fail if you don’t act when you are faced with change,” Norway highlighted that his country is moving to green competitiveness, and noted that there is no silver bullet to save the climate and thus it needs to be mainstreamed. Underlining that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities will inform approaches to economic diversification, South Africa noted that the socio-economic challenges of implementing response measures must be minimized, and that the Forum on Response Measures should conduct assessments on the effects of response measures on third parties, particularly developing countries. Noting that a just transition of the workforce will require appropriate training in order to contribute to the growth of a low carbon economy, the Maldives noted the need for legislative, economic and social changes in order to achieve the Paris Agreement, stressing that some countries will need assistance to implement the Agreement, and underscoring the involvement of all stakeholders to drive ownership, which will in turn drive implementation. Noting that “there are as many paths as there are parties,” Poland shared his country’s path of economic growth decoupled from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Singapore said his country has moved away from being a labor-based economy and has diversified into a knowledge-based economy. He stated that energy efficiency will continue to be key, noting that the country is working on floating solar PV. He stressed that mitigation actions should not undermine trade. He noted that response measures need to take into account the special situation of certain states, and reiterated his commitment to meeting the mandate on response measures. In the roundtable discussion, Solway Group stressed the need to seek convergence on domestic carbon policy measures, and called for the development of global regulatory measures in order to achieve specific goals. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) noted that the member countries are impacted by both climate change and response measures to address climate change, highlighting the need to move from rhetoric to implementation and noting that the obligations and commitments under the UNFCCC lie with developed countries. Ghana noted that experiences shared speak to the fact that countries can diversify, and noted the importance of an understanding of what transitioning to low-carbon economies means for third parties. Ecuador stated that the country has reached 90% renewable energy in ten years, and noted the need to ensure financial support for transitioning to low-carbon economies. The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) noted that to have an equitable transition, and stressed that there must be investment in diversification plans to ensure that workers are not left behind. The World Business Council on Sustainable Development noted the COP 22 Low-Emissions Solutions Conference demonstrates that the world has moved into the implementation phase. Sarah Baashan, Co-Chair, Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA), stressed that the global narrative on low-carbon growth has changed because the domestic narratives are dynamic, and various countries are able to share their experiences with transitioning to low-carbon development. In the closing session, Khalid Al-Falih, Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources, Saudi Arabia, noted that the Paris Agreement is legally binding, and called for innovative, win-win solutions in diversification that are accessible and beneficial to all. He stressed the need for innovative partnerships to address the challenges posed by diversification, including the loss of jobs. Jonathan Pershing, US, noted that the UNFCCC is a platform to exchange ideas, set goals and norms and evaluate the adequacy of the responses; and underscored that although there will be constraints in the transition process, there is ongoing work through bodies like the World Bank that shows that this is possible. Closing the meeting, Baraka called for participatory processes, balancing the pillars of sustainable development, and people as the center of the development agenda. From L-R: David Nabarro, Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; Nizar Baraka, President, COP 22 Scientific Committee; and Tomas Anker Christensen, Chef de Cabinet, Office of the President of the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly Tomasz Chruszczow, Chair, Subsidiary Body for Implementation Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates Nizar Baraka, President of the Scientific Committee, speaking on behalf of the COP 22 President David Nabarro, speaking on behalf of the UN Secretary-General Tomas Anker Christensen, speaking on behalf of the President of the UN General Assembly Andrei Marcu, Advisor to the COP 22 Presidency Mahama Ayariga, Minister, Ministry for Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ghana Thoriq Ibrahim, Minister, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives Masagos Zulkifli, Minister, Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore Sarah Baashan, Co-Chair, Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo, Secertary-General, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Khalid Al-Falih, Minister, Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Mineral Resources, Saudi Arabia Hafez Ghanem, World Bank Jonathan Pershing, Special Envoy for Climate Change, US Jean-Pierre Clamadieu, Chairman of the Executive Committee and CEO, Solvay Group Contacts: Fati Aboulfaraj (Coordinator) | fatimazahra.aboulfaraj.06@gmail.com More Information: High-Level Event on Sustainable Economic Transition and Economic Diversification Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implementation and Experience SharingPresented by the Climate Change Strategy Department of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China, the National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation (NCSC), China, the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) This side event, co-moderated by Xie Ji, Director-General of Department of Climate Change, NDRC, China, and Frank Rijsberman, Director General, GGGI, discussed the implementation of East Asia countries’ NDCs in the post-Paris Agreement era. Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change, China, noted that following the ratification of the Paris Agreement countries need to be held accountable to their responsibilities. He underscored the need for transformation of development modalities at the national level, highlighting potential collaboration on green development, as well as the importance of regional carbon markets. Underscoring the long history of cooperation between China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, Cho KyeungKyu, Minister, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, emphasized, among others: emissions trading schemes at the provincial and national levels; carbon markets; and sharing of best practices on low-carbon development, also at the community level. Emphasizing the cooperation platform among China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, which will enable technical synergies contributing to emissions reduction, Kouichi  Yamamoto, Minister, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, underscored the importance of concrete measures, including on emissions trading schemes and renewable energy, to deepen mutual understanding. Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, highlighted three key messages to ensure NDC implementation, namely: integration of policies in the national agenda; inclusion of the private sector, academia and all relevant stakeholders; and negotiation of the requirements, looking not just at costs but also at opportunities. Stressing that current commitments do not suffice to achieve the determined goals, Shamshad Akhtar, Under-Secretary-General of the UN and tenth Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, underscored: carbon pricing as a critical market instrument to curb emissions and induce investments to low-carbon alternatives; emissions trading schemes and carbon taxes; result-based finance mechanisms; capacity building and regional knowledge exchange; and non-market instruments, including performance-oriented regulations, licencing, labelling and certification. Rijsberman moderated the second part of the event, highlighting, inter alia: green growth with social inclusivity and environmental sustainability; GGGI’s technical expertise and sharing of knowledge; and identification of opportunities for collaborative work, including South-South cooperation. Tian Chengchuan, NDRC, China, on behalf of Xie Ji, Director-General of Department of Climate Change, NDRC, China, provided an overview of China’s low-carbon development pathway, focusing on the goals and main contents of its NDC. He highlighted eight key tasks relating to low-carbon energy revolution, industrial systems, cities and towns, regional development and technology innovation, as well as operation of national emissions trading schemes, capacity support and international cooperation. Discussing the Green Partnership among China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, Kim Sang-Hyup, Former Senior Secretary to President for Green Growth, Office of the President, Republic of Korea, noted that the imminent agenda is on fine dusts, while the rising agenda addresses the Asia Super Grid, an interconnected power grid going from Mongolia to Japan. Noting the pivotal role of China in green finance, Scott Vaughan, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), IISD, underscored the role of infrastructure from a low-carbon perspective, as well as the importance of public-private partnerships regarding infrastructure. He emphasized that infrastructure can be an important source of emissions at the national level, urging for reconsideration of the relationship between infrastructure spending and NDC goals’ alignment. Noting that there is no shortage of liquidity for green bonds, Vaughan stressed the notion of “de-risking” to attract investors and scale up projects. Stressing the role of local and subnational governments, Hironori Hamanaka, Chair of the Board of Directors, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), focused on best practices in low-carbon city pilot projects, presenting case studies from the cities of Toyama, Higashimatsushima and Kitakyushu in Japan. Ren Zhengang, Director of the Blue Economy Office, Qingdao NDRC, provided insights from the low-carbon development pilot work in Qingdao. From L-R: Frank Rijsberman, Director General, GGGI; Kouichi Yamamoto, Minister, Ministry of the Environment, Japan; Cho KyeungKyu, Minister, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea; Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change, China; Shamshad Akhtar, Under-Secretary-General of the UN and tenth Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; and Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates Shamshad Akhtar, Under-Secretary-General of the UN and tenth Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, urged for doubling the ambitions of current NDCs by 2030. Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change, China, stressed the proactive attitude towards climate change of major emitters, like China and the US. Cho KyeungKyu, Minister, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, emphasized tripartite cooperation among China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, underscored key points to ensure NDC implementation in the United Arab Emirates. Kouichi Yamamoto, Minister, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, called for a balance between reducing emissions and removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Xie Ji, Director-General of Department of Climate Change, NDRC, China, co-moderated the session, noting its focus on NDCs’ implementation. Scott Vaughan, President and CEO, IISD, and Kim Sang-Hyup, Former Senior Secretary to President for Green Growth, Office of the President, Republic of Korea Scott Vaughan, President and CEO, IISD, Cho KyeungKyu, Minister, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, and Frank Rijsberman, Director General, GGGI Kouichi Yamamoto, Minister, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates Kouichi Yamamoto, Minister, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and Shamshad Akhtar, Under-Secretary-General of the UN and tenth Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Contacts: Kentaro Takahashi, IGES (Coordinator) | k-takahashi@iges.or.jp Ash Sharma | ash.sharma@nefco.fi More Information: en.ndrc.gov.cn/ www.ncsc.org.cn (in Chinese) www.iisd.org www.gggi.org Carbon Markets and Carbon Pricing in AsiaPresented by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), the International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), the Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy of Tsinghua University, and the Climate Change Center (CCC), Republic of Korea This side event, moderated by Akihisa Kuriyama, IGES, discussed prospects for carbon markets in Asia in the context of the international policy framework of the Paris Agreement. Urging for cooperation and sharing of experiences, Han Duck-soo, CCC Chairman and Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea, stressed that carbon markets and pricing will be one of the key determinants for the success or failure of global efforts to tackle climate change. Noting that the combined CO2 emissions of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea account for one third of global ones, Hironori Hamanaka, Chair of the Board of Directors, IGES, said that implementing carbon prices is expected to achieve emissions reductions, allowing the achievement of NDCs’ goals, as well as to attract investments towards decarbonization of the economy. Liu Bin, Deputy Director of Institute of Energy Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, underscored cooperation between China and Japan on carbon market mechanisms, including quantitative methodologies. Addressing the current status of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) in China, Zhou Jian, Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, presented on, inter alia: experiences and lessons learned from the pilot carbon market, underscoring legislation, data quality and allowance allocation; the overall structure of the national carbon market; the two-tiered management system of emissions allowance, including guidelines and methodologies; and challenges, including the process of verification of CO2 reports, the balance between different stakeholders, and the linking of the national and pilot carbon markets. Joo-jin Kim, CCC, Republic of Korea, addressed the Korean ETS (K-ETS), highlighting its key features, emissions status and transaction trends. Noting that regulated companies are getting used to the carbon price, he emphasized that government interventions intended to lower credit prices have undermined the credibility of K-ETS credit prices. Addressing carbon markets and pricing in Japan, Yuzi Mizuno, IGES, discussed the national carbon tax, the domestic ETS and the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM). A panel discussion followed, moderated by Hamanaka, which addressed: the kind of benefits associated with carbon pricing policies; revenue generation and use; concerns around negative impacts on competitiveness; and potential for linking different carbon markets. Duan Maosheng, Director, National Carbon Market Research Center, Tsinghua University, underscored that signals that carbon prices send change the decision-making process of companies, and noted technical difficulties regarding linking carbon markets, saying that it should currently be seen as a long-term vision. Kim emphasized that the issue of competitiveness is less about price and more about uncertainty, noting that the discussion about linking carbon markets is premature. Mizuno said that carbon tax revenues promote energy efficiency and renewable energy, and stressed that before linking different carbon market systems, the coordination of their designs needs to be addressed. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed best practices to attract industries to carbon pricing, and vulnerabilities of isolated carbon markets in terms of carbon leakage and international competitiveness. From L-R: Hironori Hamanaka, Chair of the Board of Directors, IGES; Duan Maosheng, Director, National Carbon Market Research Center, Tsinghua University; Joo-jin Kim, CCC, Republic of Korea; and Yuzi Mizuno, IGES Han Duck-soo, CCC Chairman and Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea, underscored that China, Japan and the Republic of Korea have valuable experiences dealing with carbon markets and pricing. Liu Bin, Deputy Director of Institute of Energy Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, discussed national centers that play an important role for knowledge generation regarding low-carbon technologies. Hironori Hamanaka, Chair of the Board of Directors, IGES, discussed carbon pricing initiatives as tools to achieve NDC-related emissions reductions. Joo-jin Kim, CCC, Republic of Korea, noted that the K-ETS covers 67% of Korea’s national emissions, 23 subsectors and 520 entities. Yuzi Mizuno, IGES, stressed the need for substantial discussions in Japan to introduce real carbon pricing, including the ETS. Zhou Jian, Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, said that allowance allocation in carbon markets is the visible hand of the government. Contacts: Akihisa Kuriyama (Coordinator) | kuriyama@iges.or.jp Beetsnara Han (Coordinator) | hanbeets@climatechangecenter.kr Alun Gu (Coordinator) | gal@tsinghua.edu.cn More Information: www.iges.or.jp/en icapcarbonaction.com www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/index.html www.climatechangecenter.kr/ccc/eng/eng_01.php Sand and Dust StormsPresented by the UN Development Programme (UNDP) Gary Lewis, UN Resident Coordinator, Iran, moderated the event. He described the drivers of sand and dust storms (SDS) as the “perfect storm” combining anthropogenic causes, such as land and water management, and those induced by climate change, such as hotter and drier weather. He underscored the economic, health and environmental impacts of SDS. Lewis noted a growing international consensus on SDS in 2016, including General Assembly Resolution 70/195, UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) Resolution 72/7 and UN Environment Assembly (UNEA) Resolution 2/21. Masoumeh Ebtekar, Vice-President and Head of Department of Environment, Iran, stressed a growth in the number and intensity of SDS. She explained the differences between sand storms and dust storms, noting health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, meningitis and eye infections. Ebtekar identified 10 hot spots where SDS originate and emphasized that each province in Iran has a local action plan to address SDS hot spots. Noting the transboundary nature of SDS, she stressed the need for international-level environmental impact assessment of projects affecting water availability in the region. She emphasized SDS are a peace and security issue. Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, said the economic impact of dust storms is at least US$13 billion yearly in lost GDP. She highlighted the Global Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms by UN Environment, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), noting it calls for increased cooperation on: early warning systems; mitigation of the worst effects; preventive measures; and research on SDS impacts on climate, oceans and other systems. Erik Solheim, Head of UN Environment described SDS as a huge human, economic, health and environmental issue. He included SDS in air pollution, noting that the WMO estimates 7 million people worldwide die prematurely every year due to air pollution. Noting past success addressing environmental problems such as ozone depletion and acid rain, he said SDS can be addressed, but require coordinated political action in the region. He underscored planting trees and building codes as key to address SDS. In the ensuing discussion, a participant noted the role of Turkey’s dams in regulating water supply to its neighbors. Participants also discussed, inter alia, international sources of climate finance to address SDS and the role of UN agencies in addressing SDS. Masoumeh Ebtekar, Vice-President and Head of Department of Environment, Iran, emphasized that SDS are not small in magnitude and highlighted negative impacts on agricultural productivity. Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, said UNDP is committed to work with countries and other agencies on SDS. Gary Lewis, UN Resident Coordinator, Iran, highlighted the nexus between climate change and SDS. Erik Solheim, Head of UN Environment, described SDS as “a big killer.” Contacts: Sadaf Nikzad | sadaf.nikzad@undp.org More Information: http://www.ir.undp.org/ SDG 17: Building Capacity for 2030 Agenda through Climate Action Solutions for Regional ImplementationPresented by the UN Yvo de Boer, President, Sustainability Challenge Foundation, moderated the session, and highlighted the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and its impact on the climate arena. Shamshad Akhtar, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), noted the importance of an integrated framework to pursue climate change challenges together with sustainable development goals (SDGs). She noted that actions to strengthen resilience also promote poverty reduction and diversification of livelihoods. Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), underscored the need to integrate climate issues in “everything we do to implement the Paris Agreement.” He said that the UNECE Air Convention is the first one to combat short-lived climate pollutants. He noted the co-benefits of regional water management. Abdalla Hamdok, Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), said access to adequate finance and technology transfer are key to Paris Agreement implementation. Roula Majdalani, speaking on behalf of Rima Khalaf, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), underscored the effects of climate change on infrastructure, food security and water availability. She noted that implementation of the Paris Agreement depends on building capacity in the Arab countries. She noted that, due to conflicts in her region, climate action will not feature as a priority since there are more pressing issues to be dealt with in post-colonial times. Joseluis Samaniego, Director, Sustainable and Human Settlements Division of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), described how his region has been fighting poverty, noting the need to “repackage” the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and climate action to enable structural changes. He noted a regional initiative to promote public participation mechanisms and climate justice that will be translated into better climate policies. David Nabarro, Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, outlined the evolution of the movement that brings together climate and development in an unstoppable momentum. ​ From L-R: Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UNECE; Shamshad Akhtar, Executive Secretary, ESCAP; Roula Majdalani, speaking on behalf of Rima Khalaf, Executive Secretary, ESCWA; Yvo de Boer, President, Sustainability Challenge Foundation; Abdalla Hamdok, Executive Secretary, ECA; and Joseluis Samaniego, Director, Sustainable and Human Settlements Division, ECLAC Shamshad Akhtar, Executive Secretary, ESCAP Yvo de Boer, President, Sustainability Challenge Foundation Roula Majdalani, speaking on behalf of Rima Khalaf, Executive Secretary, ESCWA Abdalla Hamdok, Executive Secretary, ECA Christian Friis Bach, Executive Secretary, UNECE Joseluis Samaniego, Director, Sustainable and Human Settlements Division, ECLAC Contacts: Laura Altinger Zahar (Coordinator) | ZaharL@un.org More Information: http://www.un.org/ Advancing Global Goals on Forests & Climate ChangePresented by the UN Development Programme (UNDP) Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, noted Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 focus on conservation and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems, and said a green growth economy is crucial to implement these policies. Vidar Helgesen, Minister of Climate and Environment, Norway, underscored that the Paris Agreement and SDGs have ambitious language on forests, and noted that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals must be in global balance for the years 2034-2071 and reach net zero emissions. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Global Climate and Energy Lead, noted the cost of poverty needs to be included in the policies to halt deforestation, and congratulated Brazil on its successful efforts in doing so. Siti Nurbaya, Minister of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia, noted the importance of REDD+ in assisting Indonesia in implementing its forest policies and combating illegal logging. She noted Indonesia’s moratorium on new primary forest concessions. Everton Lucero, Vice Minister for Climate Change at the Ministry of the Environment, Brazil, noted the last decade’s significant results in reducing emissions by controlling deforestation in the Amazon, and the need to strengthen such measures to achieve Brazil’s ambitious NDC. Robert Bopolo Mbongenza, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development, Democratic Republic of the Congo, outlined the infrastructure actions implemented by the Central African Forest Initiative to promote forest conservation and poverty reduction. Nick Hurd, Minister of State for Climate Change and Industry, UK, highlighted his concern that large amounts of resources are dedicated to developing innovative and new industrial processes to take carbon out of the atmosphere, whereas a small amount of resources is dedicated to protecting and enhancing natural carbon systems. Caroline Olory, Ekuri Initiative, Cross River State, Nigeria, underscored that policies need to promote sustainable forest management and community livelihoods, especially recognizing the communities’ rights. Charlotte Streck, Co-Founder and Director, Climate Focus, noted the NGO groups that formulated fact-based assessment of actions taken under the New York Declaration on Forests. She underscored the need to improve legality in the supply chain, and establish more monitoring activities. Marco Albani, Director, Tropical Forest Alliance 2020, World Economic Forum, noted the need to eliminate deforestation from private sector supply chains of palm oil, soy, paper and beef products by no later than 2020. He noted the public-private platform can accelerate progress and motivate companies to include such commitments in their policies.   Karsten Sach, Director General, Climate Policy, European and International Policy, German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), noted the need for countries to strengthen national policies and to include indigenous peoples, community stakeholders and the private sector. He underscored the importance of building capacity and developing large-scale partnerships in all regions to achieve forest goals. Shuji Oki, Director General, Japan Forestry Agency, noted his country actively supports forest climate activities in developing countries, by elaborating methodologies for field activities. Room view during the event Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, said that restoring forests is essential to combat climate change, as is explicitly stated in the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. Vidar Helgesen, Minister of Climate and Environment, Norway, underscored that forests are an indispensable part of the climate solution. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Lead, highlighted the need to reduce deforestation, involving all different actors. Siti Nurbaya, Minister of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia, noted the role of conservation and management of forests in enhancing carbon stocks in developing countries. Everton Lucero, Vice Minister of Environment, Brazil, outlined policies to reduce deforestation in all Brazilian biomes, including the Cerrado. Robert Bopolo Mbongenza, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development, Democratic Republic of the Congo, noted the national forest strategy, including result-based payments and financial issues. A participant listens to the presentations. Caroline Olory, Ekuri Initiative, Cross River State, Nigeria, noted the importance of ensuring that indigenous peoples’ voice are heard at COP 22. Contacts: Jan Kellett | jan.kellett@undp.org More Information: COP22: Action on the Paris Agreement

On Monday, 14 November, the UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) continued in Marrakech, Morocco. Throughout the day, contact groups and informal consultations took place under the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA). In the evening the contact group on agenda Items 3-8 convened under the APA. A joint Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)/Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) informal consultations also took place. The closing plenaries of the 45th sessions of the SBI and the SBSTA, and the second part of the first session of the APA took place in the evening. The APA suspended at 11:23pm. The SBI and SBSTA are expected to close on Tuesday morning. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) agenda item 8: further matters related to implementation of the Paris Agreement COP informal consultations on linkages between the Technology Mechanism and the Financial Mechanism of the Convention COP informal consultations on the proposal from Papua New Guinea and Mexico to amend Articles 7 and 18 of the Convention COP informal consultations on matters relating to finance: sixth review of the Financial Mechanism Informal consultations by the Presidency on the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) 1 COP informal consultations on matters relating to finance: report of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to the COP and guidance to the GCF First Working Group Session of the Multilateral Assessment View of the dais during the session Mark Sinclair, New Zealand SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Peer Stiansen, Norway Reed Schuler, US Sylwia Waśniewska, Poland Markus Nauser, Switzerland Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Closing Plenary View of the dais during the SBSTA closing plenary SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize Kanchana Patarachoke, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Ismail Raushan, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Lassina Coulibaly, Mali, speaking on behalf of the African Group María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Mexico, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Gloria Young, Panama Alicia Ilaga, the Philippines Tunga Bhadra Rai, speaking on behalf of Indigenous Peoples Anne-Beth Skrede, TUNGOs Eddy Pérez, Climate Action Network (CAN) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Closing Plenary View of the dais during the SBI closing plenary SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Sophie Davies, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Svitlana Grynchuk, Ukraine Rebecca Chien, YOUNGOs Kwon Sei-joong, Republic of Korea, speaking on behalf of the EIG Theo De Jager, Farmers Daniela Rangel Esparza, Women and Gender APA Closing Plenary View of the dais during the APA closing plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Manasvi Srisodapol, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Franz Perrez, Switzerland Collin Beck, Solomon Islands Peter Horne, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia Amjad Abdulla, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Gabriela Fischerová, EU Adriana Murillo, Costa Rica, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) Diego Pacheco Balanza, Bolivia, speaking on behalf of the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDCs) Civil Society Demonstrations throughout the Day Members of civil society call for eliminating the use of fossil fuels Members of civil society advocate for using 100% renewable energy to stay below the 1.5°C limit Youth from New Zealand advocate for an increase in ambition, not emissions Around the Venue UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa congratulates Austrian youth delegates on their 'green footprints' initiative aimed at increasing the participation of children in climate change action High-level event hosted by the COP 22 President to discuss progress made in advancing national adaptation plans (NAPs) Delegates huddle between sessions Delegates speak informally Ismail El Gizouli, Sudan Inger Andersen, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Director General Press briefing with Jonathan Pershing, US Special Envoy for Climate Change UN Security around the venue Chizuru Aoki, Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Art made from recycled tires The supermoon rises over the COP 22 venue

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Monday, 14 November 2016: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as a Tool For (I)NDC Implementation – Lessons Learned and Plans Ahead Implementing the Paris Agreement: What Do Countries Need from the Financial Mechanism? Urban Policies to Implement and Finance NDCs Because the Ocean IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as a Tool For (I)NDC Implementation – Lessons Learned and Plans AheadPresented by the Nordic Council of Ministers The session was introduced by Annika Rosing, Nordic Council of Ministers, and moderated by Michael Funch, Nordic Council of Ministers. Asger Garnak, Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Denmark, stressed that even though NAMAs do not appear in the Paris Agreement, they are important because they helped develop approaches, capacity and experience that will be at the core of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) implementation. He stressed that NAMAs should be ambitious, transformational and supportive. Hanna-Mari Ahonen, GreenStream, underscored projects in Peru and Viet Nam. She highlighted key elements for NAMA success, including host country ownership, involvement of local stakeholders, use of existing structures and ensuring an enabling policy environment. She underscored high quality NAMA proposals as crucial for attracting international funding, and stressed NAMAs should include different types of actions with different time horizons. Inga Zachow, Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), noted that one in three developing country NDCs refer to NAMAs. She used case studies to illustrate the linkages between NAMAs and NDCs, including cement and renewable energy in Tunisia and transport in Viet Nam. She identified the key lessons as, inter alia: embedding NAMAs into a long-term vision; stakeholder engagement including lead institutions; and promoting local technical capacity. She stressed NAMAs can be a key implementation vehicle for achieving NDCs. Alberto Galante, Managing Director, Climate Perspectives, identified NAMAs as one of the key pillars of NDCs. He emphasized that much experience has been gained with NAMAs on barriers, baselines, Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV), and financing needs. He described his organization’s support to developing country mitigation policies and a multi-criteria tool for the assessment of NAMAs. Stan Kolar, Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP), said the three key elements of NAMA success are: a well-defined financing mechanism; a pipeline of bankable projects; and a clear long-term transformational impact. He stressed climate finance is not about supporting projects that are already economically viable, but about removing barriers, suggesting that a balance is needed between what is transformational versus what it is feasible. Issues considered in the ensuing discussion included: how to address the private sector in the NAMAs process; capacity building; and risks. From L-R: Asger Garnak, Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Denmark; Alberto Galante, Managing Director, Climate Perspectives; Hanna-Mari Ahonen, GreenStream; Stan Kolar, Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP); and Inga Zachow, GIZ Asger Garnak, Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Denmark, noted the elaboration of a NAMA for the sugarcane sector in Mexico. Hanna-Mari Ahonen, GreenStream, said projects should ensure long-term financiasl sustainability and include phase-out of international support. Inga Zachow, GIZ, emphasized a transport sector NAMA in Viet Nam, including low-carbon bus technologies, operational improvements and improved public transport. Stan Kolar, CCAP, noted that many NAMAs are not yet developed enough to be financed by development institutions. Michael Funch, Nordic Council of Ministers, moderated the event. Alberto Galante, Managing Director, Climate Perspectives, said all mitigation instruments are tools for NDC implementation, including NAMAs. Contacts: Ms. Outi Leskelä | outi.leskela@ym.fi Mr. Ash Sharma | ash.sharma@nefco.fi More Information: www.norden.org/en Implementing the Paris Agreement: What Do Countries Need from the Financial Mechanism?Presented by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) The event was introduced by Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, GEF, who said the objective was to hear directly from countries about their needs from the Financial Mechanism for implementation of the Paris Agreement. Gustavo Fonseca, Director of Programs, GEF, moderated the event. Xia Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change, China, underscored cooperation between China and the GEF on climate change and environmental protection. He highlighted China’s efforts to help other developing countries get financial assistance from the GEF, including through capacity building. He highlighted discussions among China and the GEF about South-South cooperation, and stressed that adaptation is the overriding priority for this cooperation. Mary Robinson, UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for El Niño and Climate, said climate finance needs to move from the billions to the trillions of dollars. She underscored the “triple trap” of climate change, fossil fuel dependence and debt. She said financial flows need to reach local implementers and especially women. Robinson underscored that climate finance should be counted as disbursed funds, not pledged funds, emphasizing that fulfillment of financial commitments is critical to maintaining trust in the UNFCCC process. Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu, Chair, Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group, said access to finance includes building capacity upstream and downstream of the project approval process. He underscored that, over the years, National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and now Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are underfunded, noting how 32 LDC NAPAs cleared by the Secretariat are still awaiting funding. He noted that many LDCs are already spending resources on climate action and highlighted that the new climate finance narrative is not in billions, but trillions. Rodolfo Lacy, Mexico, said climate negotiations should also address air pollutants. He urged more interactions between environmental treaties on climate change following recent decisions under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). He said the GEF should finance projects that address environmental issues in a holistic way. In responding to presenters, Ewen McDonald, Co-Chair, Green Climate Fund (GCF), said the GCF has funded proposals for over one billion dollars. He underscored the importance of country ownership and capacity building. He highlighted GCF support to 57 developing countries to develop climate plans. McDonald said it is imperative to achieve complementarity and coherence among the GCF, GEF and other funds. Ishii underscored capacity building, adequacy and predictability of money, integration of climate action into national development strategies and finding a systematic approach for South-South cooperation. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others, streamlining finance procedures, channeling climate finance through national institutions and the role of regional organizations in helping countries access climate finance. Mary Robinson, UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for El Niño and Climate, urged contributions to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF). Xia Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change, China, said his country is taking the lead in using financial resources provided by the GEF to promote policies, regulations, mechanisms and capacities. Rodolfo Lacy, Mexico, emphasized conservation of ecosystems as an adaptation strategy. Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, GEF, underscored the need for adequacy and predictability of climate finance. Gustavo Fonseca, Director of Programs, GEF, moderated the event. Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu, Chair, LDC Group, underscored that all LDCs have submitted NDCs. Ewen McDonald, Co-Chair, GCF, announced the establishment of an annual dialogue to develop a coherence framework for climate finance delivery channels. Contacts: Monica Fernandes (Coordinator) | mfernandes@thegef.org More Information: www.thegef.org Urban Policies to Implement and Finance NDCsPresented by the Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy (IEFE) and the University Luigi Bocconi of Milan/Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) Edoardo Croci, IEFE, who moderated the event, noted that the role of subnational governments is relevant in the sustainable development arena, which has been recognized in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Agreement and the New Urban Agenda. He stressed that this comprises an integrated framework for climate change action and sustainable development, stressing the need for cooperation to access climate finance at the urban level. Isabella Alloisio, FEEM, underscored research on urban climate finance. Noting that cities are responsible for 75% of global energy consumption and 80% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, she stressed the importance for cities to transition to post-carbon urban areas. She said that more than 70% of financing for the global 2030 Agenda will have to be channeled to cities. Joseph Aldy, Harvard University, emphasized the opportunities of leveraging research on behavioral economics to achieve effective urban climate policies. He noted that half the NDCs mention cities and urban environments. He underscored the Paris Agreement sections on non-party stakeholders and on carbon pricing. Aldy cautioned against potential effects of overlapping national and subnational policies, such as higher costs or lack of emissions reductions benefits. He stressed the importance of tailoring behavioral policies to the local context. Natalie Le Denmat, Executive Secretary, United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), underscored the need for finance for local action on climate resilience. She emphasized the need for an environment conducive to mobilization of local resources. She noted the need to improve financial management by local authorities, and suggested guarantees as a potential instrument for local finance mobilization. Xiaomei Tan, Global Environment Facility (GEF), emphasized cities as a key element in achieving the 2°C target. She highlighted urban projects, including on heating and cooling, energy efficiency and LED lighting. She underscored financial mechanisms such as performance-based payments and rebates. She noted that GEF grants of over US$800 million have leveraged over US$10 billion in co-financing. The ensuing discussion addressed, among other issues, leverage ratios for mobilization of private investment with public resources in cities and other sectors. From L-R: Natalie Le Denmat, Executive Secretary, United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG); Joseph Aldy, Harvard University; Isabella Alloisio, FEEM; Eduardo Croci, IEFE; and Xiaomei Tan, GEF Eduardo Croci, IEFE, highlighted various means of financing sustainable urban development, including green municipal bonds and payment for ecosystem services at the local level. Natalie Le Denmat, Executive Secretary, UCLG, said the 2030 Agenda has made key strides towards recognizing the role of local governments. Joseph Aldy, Harvard University, underscored that climate policies in cities can serve as experiments, with successful cases then replicated elsewhere. Isabella Alloisio, FEEM, underlined the need for finance for local climate change mitigation and adaptation actions. Xiaomei Tan, GEF, highlighted the GEF’s innovative financing models, including  de-risking and incentivizing energy efficient technologies. Contacts: Edoardo Croci (Moderator) | edoardo.croci@unibocconi.it More Information: www.ccacoalition.org/en/events/8th-ccac-high-level-assembly Because the OceanPresented by Pavilion of France Richard Black, Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, moderated the event. He welcomed the commitments of the second “Because the Oceans” Declaration. His Serene Highness (HSH) Prince Albert II of Monaco noted progress made since the first Oceans Declaration in Paris, and invited new countries to sign the second “Because the Oceans” Declaration because the consequences of damages to the oceans will be felt worldwide. Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau, highlighted the need for partnerships to protect oceans, and invited more countries to sign the second “Because the Oceans” Declaration. Hilda Heine, President of the Marshall Islands, underscored the need to synergize actions and find solutions to enable low-lying and island countries to live in their lands. Julie Bishop, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Australia, noted the importance of coral reefs for protecting coastlines and generating income. Peter Thomson, President of the UN General Assembly, invited all countries to participate in the high-level UN Conference on Oceans and Seas to be held in June 2017 to discuss climate impacts on oceans and how to achieve SDG 14 (conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development). Anote Tong, Conservation International, hoped for an instrument similar to REDD+ to protect oceans. Isabella Lövin, Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden, said developing countries need help to implement the Paris Agreement and to coordinate efforts on fisheries management. Edgar Gutierrez, Minister of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica, underscored that marine resources are important for advancing our common goal to preserve ecosystems and livelihoods. Didier Dogley, Minister of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, Seychelles, noted the challenges climate change poses to the environment and people's survival. Paula Bennett, Minister of Climate Change Issues, New Zealand, said that oceans are crucial for our livelihoods, and outlined her country's actions to protect oceans. Catherine Stewart, Ministry of Environment, Canada, underlined the importance of oceans and their management. Pablo Saavedra, Secretary of State for the Environment, Spain, noted the importance of ocean sustainable development and said the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report will increase our knowledge on oceans and climate change. María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, General Director of the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change, Mexico, noted the need to undertake more concrete actions at all levels to link all UN conventions and all goals to save our oceans. Ramatoulaye Dieng, Secretary General, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Senegal, stressed the need to mainstream ocean actions to face climate change challenges. Achmad Poernomo, Senior Advisor to the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia, underscored the importance of international cooperation to reach climate justice. Carlos Rafael Polo Castaneda, Ambassador of Peru to Morocco, noted the importance of oceans for Peru’s livelihoods. Françoise Gaill, National Centre for Scientific Research, France, noted the need to act to preserve oceans, which are part of the climate change solution. Heraldo Munoz, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile, noted progress in inserting oceans in UNFCCC negotiations since 2015. HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco underscored the need to work together with civil society and all relevant actors to continue advancing knowledge on seas and oceans. Richard Black, Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, with His Serene Highness (HSH) Prince Albert II of Monaco Julie Bishop, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Australia, outlined her country’s initiatives to protect the coral reefs. Anote Tong, Conservation International, said Kiribati does not want to be flooded out of existence. Ramatoulaye Dieng, Secretary General, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Senegal, outlined Senegal’s actions to fight illegal fishing and other initiatives to protect oceans. ​ Hilda Heine, President of the Marshall Islands, noted the importance of signing the “Because the Oceans” Declaration and noted that her country’s citizens have no intention to move from their island. Group photo of the event participants Contacts: Ines de Agueda (Coordinator) | ines@vardagroup.org More Information: cop22.ma/fr/ About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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